The Quantity Theory Of Money And Taylor s Rules - 1497 Words

The quantity theory of money and Taylor’s rules offer quite different perceptions about â€Å"[to what] extent the structural models should enter the monetary policy decision-making process†()that they appear to be on opposite ends of the spectrum on the issue of monetary policy rules. The quantity theory of money, as restated by Friedman, leads to a constant money growth rule. Monetarists believe that â€Å"variation in the money supply has major influences on national real output in the short run and the price level over longer periods, and that objectives of monetary policy are best met by targeting the growth rate of the money supply rather than by engaging in discretionary monetary policy†(). The relationships can be illustrated in the following equation, ∆M+∆V=Ï€+∆Q Where M is the total amount of money in circulation on average in an economy during the period, V is the velocity of money, Ï€ is inflation rate, and Q is real output. In the long-run, neutrality of money works which implies a change in the stock of money affects only nominal variables in the economy such as prices level, with no effect on real variables, like real GDP. In short run, however, assuming V is a relatively stable variable, a positive correlation exists between a change in the money supply and a change in real output. Having taken into consideration the indeterminate effect ∆M has on ∆V, Milton Friedman prudently proposed a k-percent rule, where the money supply would be automatically increased by a fixedShow MoreRelatedScientific Management: Pros and Cons1415 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Winslow Taylor (1865 - 1915) define Scientific Management or Taylorism with 4 principles as explained in appendix A. His principles were than perfected by Henry Ford which known as Fordism, and it showed the world it could be applied and with great success. Although now it s being diluted with different theories and principles in modern era, but the main core principles is still widely used around the world as it brings a certain degree of success and not as a trial an error method. Read MoreCredibility of an Inflation-Targeting Regime1377 Words   |  6 Pageseconomists call ‘zero lower bound’. Unfortunately growth seemed unaffected and to have negative interest rates would lead only to depositors withdrawing their money out of banks and leading to large scale bank runs. Thus unconventional methods such as quantitative easing, were implemented by banks to stimulate growth by making consumers think that money would be worth less in the future, in order to increase spending in the present. However, even after this experiment, the world’s big economies are stillRead MoreBuilding A Successful Business Empire1609 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources’. This statement basically says that when a company wans to achieve certain goal(s), they will have to work together as a team so that everything is organized, and the team must have a leader to rule it in the correct path. Whilst managing the company, there needs to be full concentration, determination and will power, which all together form a successful business empire. Management hasRead MoreThe Advantages Of Taylorism ( Scientific Management )1747 Words   |  7 PagesCritically evaluate and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Taylorism (Scientific Management) In the late 19th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer, created the theory of scientific management (or Taylorism). Scientific management intends to achieve efficiency by increasing worker productivity, predictability by standardising and dividing up tasks and control by creating a hierarchical working environment (Huczynski Buchanan, 2013). This essay will argue that the onlyRead MoreCompare Frederick Taylors Mass Production and Eric Trists Socio-Technical Team Based Production Approaches to the Design of Work Systems1651 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction and Eric Trist’s socio-technical team-based production approaches to the design of work systems. a) What are the characteristics and key features of each? b) Discuss the fundamental differences between them including underlying theory, methods, principles, and role of management. c) Cover the advantages and disadvantages of each system – in which context does each perform best? d) What has led to the decline of mass production in the U.S., and how can socio-technical systemsRead MoreImpact of Taylor and Ford on Organizations Today1747 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Taylor and Ford on Organizations Today Scientific management is a well known approach towards management and it can be traced back to the work of Fredrick Taylor and Henry Ford. Taylor believed that similar to the way that there is best machine to each job, so there is the best method that people should undertake their jobs. Fordism which picked up the name of its pioneer, Ford, involved mass consumption which is combined with mass production to produce widespread material advancementRead MoreComparison of Mass/Lean Production/Socio-Technical Systems1438 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect productivity, work optimization, and the overall success of the economy. Production of goods of any sort stemmed from the division of labor. Production teams were originally thought to increase quality of work, dexterity, productivity and quantity. The Wealth of Nations discusses that if every country specializes in what they do best, then this must result in a more efficient economy for everyone. Before the rise of corporations, American farms relied on a local, craft production marketRead MoreRational Expectation Hypothesis Proposed By Lucas ( 1973 ) And Sargent1524 Words   |  7 PagesThis will speed up the flow of money, resulting in more money is created in the market and rising price level. Moreover, inflation expectations often makes people to increase the purchase of real or financial assets rather than holding the money, considering hedge risk or make investment. As a result, the monetary supply become overabundance so that promote the rise of price level. Dotsey and King (1983) implied the aggregate supply and rational expectation theory to explore the monetary policyRead MoreMonetary Policy On Economic Prosperity Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesexist a number of crucial channels that have been identified in this context. These channels are; 1. Interest rate channel 2. Credit channels ïÆ'Ëœ Bank lending channel ïÆ'Ëœ Balance sheet channels 3. Exchange rate channel 4. Equities channels ïÆ'Ëœ Tobin’s q theory ïÆ'Ëœ Wealth effects These channels generally reinforce each other they all move aggregate expenditures in the same direction. All channels serve to increase aggregate expenditures with expansionary monetary policy and reduce aggregate expenditures withRead MoreThe Contributions Of John Stuart Mill1250 Words   |  5 Pagesof thought also known as Utilitarianism, which highlighted the demand for a scientific foundation for philosophy, as well as a humanist approach to economics politics. It was this foundation from which James Mill urged and advanced his eldest son s education from a very early age. John Stuart studied Greek at age three and Latin at eight, and he was asked to recite everything he had learned to his father every day. John Stuart also studied mathematics and science for his personal enjoyment and

Effects Of The Vietnam War On America - 2038 Words

The Vietnam War is an event in history that resonates through time way past the period of its actual occurrence. Aside from being the only war that the United States has ever lost, the Vietnam War resulted in around 58,000 American deaths, 3 to 4 million Vietnamese deaths, hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars spent, and a nation divided over its purpose and worth. Although the effects of the Vietnam War may not be a common or pressing topic in current times, the Americans who were involved in the war effort are still constantly reminded of its impact. Joseph Orsini, a retired veteran who served in the Air Force during the time of Vietnam, is one of these Americans. Through discussing his experiences in Vietnam, Joseph expressed the challenges that he faced both while abroad and after returning home to the U.S. Although it is not possible to generalize all Vietnam veterans’ encounters of the war with those of Joseph’s, his narrative not only breathes life into the typic al facts seen in history books, but also provides tremendous insight into how the war was shaped by the daily danger presented by the Viet Cong, the surprise attacks of the Tet offensive, and the opposition raised by Americans back home. Joseph Orsini was born on February 27th, 1947 in Newark, NJ, where he grew up with his parents, brother, and a large extended family. Joseph attended both grammar school and high school in Newark; however, since he struggled throughout his educational career, he decided notShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Vietnam War On America1559 Words   |  7 PagesDoogan America in history 3H, Pd. 8 20 January 2015 Effects of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War is one of the most debatable and controversial wars in U.S. History. To this day people are questioning why we ever entered a war that was over 8,000 miles away. Why would we put our soldiers through such harsh fighting conditions and why would we spend so much money on a war that was not ours? Some people say that U.S. involvement was necessary to help end Communism and important to keep South Vietnam fromRead MoreThe Vietnam War And Its Effects On America2000 Words   |  8 Pagesstallion of equality with triumphant fervor from World War II, the United States of America prioritized the containment of communism as its foreign policy outlined by the Truman Doctrine in 1947. The U.S eventually found itself in the middle of rising communist nations in the Pacific and European theaters. In an increasingly expensive and hopeless effort to prevent communist Ho Chi Minh unifying Vietnam under the red flag of the hammer and sickle, America officially sent troops to the Sou theast Asian nationRead MoreEffects of the Vietnam War on America1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War, from first hand point of thought is where a great deal of the confusion had started in the United States. It was certainly a rough decade during that time period, ranging four presidencies during the war itself with the exception of Harry Truman helping the French in the beginning. When in class we talk about the national approval rating for the American people towards their government and it is surprisingly low, about a quarter of the population. Through first hand interviews ofRead More End of the Vietnam war and effects on america Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesnegotiations to end the war to began. Between 1968 and 1969, contacts in Paris between North Vietnam and the United States were expanded to include South Vietnam and the NLF. Under the leadership of President Richard M Nixon, the United States changed its tactics to combine U.S. troop withdrawals with intensified bombing and the invasion of Communist sanctuaries in Cambodia . Due to the length of the war, the high number of U.S. casualties, and the exposure of U.S. involvement in war crimes such as theRead MoreEssay on Vietnam War and Its Effect on America1769 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1965, the United States of America officially enter the war against North Vietnam. After the Gulf of Tonkin incident where North Vietnamese attacked two U.S. ships on August 2nd and 4th, 1964, this event was a chance for U.S. President Lyndon Johnson to give authority for U.S. to enter war in Vietnam. United State involvement in Vietnam War was an approach to seize the communist aggression. A campaign authorized by President Johnson called â€Å"Operation Rolling Thunder† which started on FebruaryRead MoreThe Vietnam War On American Society932 Words   |  4 Pagesaccentuating the growing success and power that Vietnam held. America was calm at first as they held the belief that Vietnam would serve as a barrier to communism. Unfortunately, when communism kept spreadi ng, America panicked. American troops were sent into Vietnam and the citizens of America were lied to about the reason for the presence of the troops in Vietnam. The years 1964 to 1975 were characterized by the negative effects of the Vietnam war on American society and how they heightened socialRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War947 Words   |  4 Pagesthose conflicts have turned out into wars. Looking back at America’s â€Å"track record† with war, America has a worthy past of having its citizen’s support. Obviously the two World Wars we not controversial. The United States in the Korean War was criticized, fairly, for its strategy, but the need to defend South Korea was never questioned. In only the Vietnam War was the United States’ very participation criticized. This is such a gigantic change with prior wars that it bears study as to why it happenedRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Cold War1494 Words   |  6 Pages When examining the Vietnam War you must first understand the involvement of the events surrounding the Cold War. The ‘Vietnam War’ as it is known is a product of the cold war era, by this I mean that events in the Cold War led to the US’s involvement and creation of issues causing the conflict. â€Å"The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the UnitedRead MoreThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Southern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to communist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The eff ect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe Vietnam War Had A Tremendous Effect On The World1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War had a tremendous effect on the world, especially the United States. Not only did the war affect people in battle, but also left permanent effects on people all over the world. Over 57,000 U.S. citizens died and over 140,000 injured in battle. Multiple Americans were impacted by the war, vast amount of people died but more were injured. North Vietnam won the battle against South Vietnam and their allies. The Fall of Saigon in 1975 was the end of a gruesome war. The war had multiple

The Hobbit as a Fantasy Novel free essay sample

The Hobbit is a fantasy novel about a peaceful hobbit that accompanies a wizard and several dwarves on a journey to steal the great treasures of the dragon Smaug and I believe it demonstrates or uses the features of the fantasy genre. The features of any genre are like a skeleton for the story of that particular genre. Different genres have different features such as different settings, characters, plot, themes and values. Features are like a list of criteria that is used to assess whether the novel fits into a genre. The Hobbit is unable to demonstrate the entire features of the fantasy genre but it is still clear that The Hobbit used the features of the fantasy genre as a skeleton. The first thing to consider when determining whether The Hobbit demonstrates the features of the fantasy genre is the setting. The setting is the where the story takes place. Most fantasy stories take place ‘an enclosed world that is often exotic and mystical’ (Glasson, 1955, p. 55). The setting in The Hobbit follows this idea and the world that it takes place is enclosed and exotic. With rows of strange and devious mountains and thick woods where elves and giant spiders live The Hobbit world is definitely exotic; with the abundance of several other creatures and dragons the world of The Hobbit is also quite mystical and magical. The setting of any genre is the fundamental building block for a stories development. For example, it is quite hard to create an interesting science fiction story that is set in the backyard of a young boy. The Hobbit proves that it uses the writing structure of the fantasy genre by being set in a magical land full of exotic creatures and landforms which are the elements of a typical fantasy story. Setting isn’t the only aspect to be considered when writing a fantasy story; there are also characters to be put into consideration. In the fantasy genre there are usually the protagonist and the antagonist that are in conflict with each other. In The Hobbit the protagonist is a simple hobbit, known as Bilbo Baggins, who becomes a thief on a plan to steal treasures. There is no antagonist in The Hobbit. Smaug is not the antagonist because an antagonist is ‘a principal character that opposes the protagonist’. Throughout the book Smaug does not oppose Bilbo Baggins until he is provoked. He is more of an obstacle than a villain opposing Bilbo and his party of dwarves. On the other hand, The Hobbit demonstrates the features of the fantasy genre through the development of Bilbo. Protagonists in fantasy stories are well-known for their development or change. For example, in the book called Eragon the main character transforms from a deer hunting farm boy into a fierce and powerful dragon rider. In the beginning of the book Bilbo defines himself and the hobbits as ‘Plain quiet folk and have no use for adventure† (The Hobbit, p. 4). Throughout the book Bilbo changes into an extroverted and adventure-seeking hobbit through his experiences. Bilbo had changed from a simple hobbit into a fantasy protagonist with that could fulfil the task at hand. Most stories have a diverse range of characters and within these characters are the protagonist and antagonist. Different genres have different personalities or criteria for their main characters. The main character in a fantasy story is usually changing, confident and adventurous. The evidence clearly reveals that The Hobbit demonstrates the features of the fantasy through the knowledge or skills that the hero gains through his quest. Plot and structure is a key feature to the features of the fantasy genre. The plot and structure in the fantasy is quite unique in contrast to the features of other genres. ‘There is calm, upheaval, calm; then stability is restored’ (Glasson, 1955, p. 55) shows the dynamic structure of a fantasy quest. The Hobbit starts off in a peaceful and calm atmosphere until Bilbo joins Gandalf and the fourteen dwarves in an adventure. During his journey the calm atmosphere is disrupted and ‘upheaved’. When the journey ends Bilbo goes back to his normal life, despite his grown love for adventure. Stability is restored at the end of The Hobbit because the arrogant dragon was killed and Bilbo’s returning to his peaceful life after a crazy adventure. The plot in a fantasy story usually centres on the hero’s quest or journey. The quest is usually a search for a powerful or ancient object that will restore the stability or calm that was disrupted by evil. The Hobbit conforms to this by focusing on Bilbo’s journey but the object (treasure) doesn’t restore the calm but instead creates conflict. In The Hobbit Thorin and his cousin nearly declare war but are forced to join in an attempt to stop the Goblin army. With this evidence it is obvious that the quest was not aimed to destroy evil and it even started conflict. The quest in The Hobbit strays from the criteria of a typical fantasy story. Every protagonist in any genre encounters obstacles throughout story but the reasons for these obstacles change depending on the genre. A dramatic story would use obstacles as a method to exemplify the feeling of the character or his/her flaws while a fantasy story would use obstacles as a test for to prove the character is worthy or expedient. For example, Bilbo encounters three trolls and tries to pickpocket an object from one of the trolls but he is discovered and captured in his attempt. This obstacle could’ve been made to show that Bilbo is not yet a master of stealing and how he still needs to improve before his convergence with Smaug. Most of the elements in The Hobbit successfully combine to create a suitable plot and structure for a fantasy novel. The Hobbit doesn’t completely demonstrate the features of a fantasy story mainly due to the themes and values in the story. In a fantasy quest ‘Tradition values are fought for’ (Glasson, 1955, p. 55). Throughout The Hobbit values are not fought for. For example, Bilbo believed in a simple and harmonious life that is adventure free but as he doesn’t fight for what he believes in and ends up accepting Gandalf’s request. Even when delving deeper into the story values are not fought for and some are even broken. There are different opinions on the features of the fantasy genre and how a book fits into a particular genre and it makes it hard to find out whether a book really uses the features as an outline. By using the typical opinion of the criteria or features of a fantasy quest it is quite clear that The Hobbit follows these outlines. The Hobbit is able to include: an enclosed and exotic setting, mystical creatures, characters that learn from their mistakes and flaws, a plot that focuses on a quest for an object and obstacles that test and teach the hero during his quest. Even though The Hobbit doesn’t use the themes and values of a typical fantasy quest but it still utilizes the features of the fantasy genre.

The elements of the marketing mix

Introduction A customer is the backbone of any given company; the main decision that a marketing manager should make determining his company’s market segment. A market segment is a homogenous subset of the main market, which share similar characteristics which make it demand similar goods. A segment is also stimulated by similar innovations. After developing a marketing segment the next step is to develop mechanisms to enable him sell in the target market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The elements of the marketing mix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the ways to enter in the target market is marketing mix. An effective marketing mix ensures that goods are available to the target customer, when they need them at and they are affordable (Anctil, 2008). Toyota is the world leading automobile manufacture, its success has been tagged to its strong marketing strategy; it uses 4Ps to market its product s. This paper looks into marketing mix (specifically 4Ps of marketing mix). It will also discuss how Toyota Company has utilized this strategy in its marketing. Concept of 4Ps 4ps concept was developed in 1960 by a marketing expert called E J McCarthy (Mind tools, 2010). The Ps represents Price, product/service, promotion, and place; Price The price of a commodity is an element of total cost plus a profit margin. When a target market has been established, there is need to determine the price affordable to the customers. A marketer should be aware of consumer trends and their potential. The social class that the product is targeted will influence the price of the products. The price parameter can be approached from the actual product price or the possibility that the product can be divided into smaller parts, not necessarily cheap, but to enhance affordability. From a broader point of view the market can be divided into three sections; the high class, the middle class, and the lower class. The high class is not interested on how expensive a product is, but their point of interest is the utility that the product is going to give. When they are buying things they are looking for something extra that can make them feel special and different. To target this group, the product should try to show how it is different from others, the price can be set high since the possibility is ,this group will think that the higher the price the higher the utility. The middle class buy the common goods in the market. When they are the target group, the price should be harmonized with competitor’s prices. When the target is the lower class, price is the determinant of the market, the lower the price the better. The products can be packed in smaller quantities at â€Å"lower prices†. Understanding of the market segment is thus crucial.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Place The market segment that the marketer want to target, will influence the distribution that he is going to use. Where the customer is more likely to be found should be the place that the goods are provided. If the target customers are people who value recognition, most of them are in the high class, they are more likely to be found in the shopping malls and â€Å"designer† shops. The products should be displayed on these stalls. The possibility that these kind of client will be in the back street shops is unlikely and thus the products should not be there. The common market is also a place that they are unlikely to go. If the products are targeting the lower class, they should be distributed in the supermarkets that are expected to be less expensive than the shopping mall. There are also some places that are regarded to be the high class estates. These are found in the areas that people of a certain class live. If the target is the low class the goods should be ava ilable in the local slum and suburbs’ shops. If the target is for the middle class place products where the competitor products are, the focus should be more on strategies to persuade them. The middle class are known to be looking for something extra at the same price. There will be no harm if the products are distributed in the competitors area; efforts should be the way we display what we are offering extra (NetMBA.com, 2010). Promotion Promotions are done in the effort to either introduce a new product or increase the market segment. To engage in a promotion, the first thing to understand is the availability of the target customers. Where are they likely to be found? Are they free in the mornings, is it in the afternoon? After realizing their availability and when they can give you time, and know the age of the market. The promotion for the youth should be designed to target the youth. The behavior of the youth is that they don’t want something that feels so common, let the promotion give a different good-feel on the customer. If the promotion focus on introducing a new product, then a lot should be invested in assuring the client of better quality than what is offered by the competitor. The existence of opinion leaders should be evaluated. Customers are likely to follow the opinion leaders in making their decisions. The existence of groups in the society and their matching lifestyles can also be of great use. If the promotion is for an already existing product in the market, the approach should be from the angle that we are thanking our customers. If the customer feel appreciated and recognized he will develop loyalty and influence other to follow his way. Product When a company is developing a product, there is a need that the product is supposed to fulfill. The higher the utility the customer gets, the higher the demand for the product.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The elements of the marketing mix specifically fo r you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When products are developed, the team should always invest in offering something extra to the consumer. If target customers are aware of the expected ingredients, the campaigns should have a lot of emphasis in the ingredient used. On the other hand, if the customers are not much interested in the ingredients, or they even are not aware of the ingredients, the focus should be the outcome that the product will give. The marketing campaigns should explain to the customer what benefit he will derive from using the goods. What does the target customers expect, what are they likely to be moved by? What is the age of the target customer? If the target customer are children- by extension the parents, the products should have attractive bright colors that are more likely to attract children. If the target markets are the youth, then the fashion should be of emphasis. Packaging should gives a sense of superiority to the produc t. The youth will always want to have a better product than their peers. Effort should be made to ensure that the product is portrayed to give the impression of superiority. The language on the product packaging should be targeted at the desired group age. If the prices have reduced and are lower than the market prices, it is important to include them on the package. In all the marketing of the products whether they are target to the high class, middle class, low class, the old, and the youth, the marketer should assure the customers of the availability of the products at all times (See appendix 1). Understanding the target market segment cannot be overlooked (Anctil, 2008). The case of Toyota Company Toyota was incorporated in 1937 in Japan by Kiichiro Toyoda; it has grown to be the world number one automobile provider. It assumed the number one automobile producer in 2008 after it surpassed general motors. The company operates on a five principal policy; Kaizen (continuo’s improvement), teamwork, Challenges, Respect and Genchi Genbutsu (go and see). Alongside these policies the company has a strong marketing strategy. Let’s examine how it markets its products; The company has two market segmentation; they are developed and developing countries. Its products are designed to meet the needs of the various markets. One of the ways that it has adopted is a continuous improvement of its products. There is a research department that has the aim of undertaking its policy of Genchi Genbutsu (go and see). The section is supposed to survey the market and come up with various recommendations that are aimed at improve the company’s services.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As it conducted this duty, the issue of technology came up and the company had to implement the change. Other than just implementing it started a long term policy to ensure that there is continuity in the works. The company’s first car was a high fuel consuming passenger car called A1 and G1. The vehicles were manually modeled. Today, the numerous models in the market are as a result of computer aided modeling. All along we are hearing of Toyota X new model. This shows how they have continually improved their products to remain competitive in the world. Secondly, another area that the company has improved is on the fuel consumption in the vehicles. This has been ongoing and in 1980s it saw the company get Japanese Quality Control award, this was due to the rewarding innovations especially in the fuel section that the company had gotten. On the same angle in 1973, during world fuel crisis, the company was able to penetrate the American market when Americans preferred automobil es from the company due to its low fuel consumption. All the above are not coming to the company as mere luck but are deliberate planning and organizing of the available physical and human resources. A lot more that the company intend to bring are the electric automobiles that are on testing stage (Hino, 2006). When it comes to price, there are different models which cost differently depending with the target customer. In developing countries where it is considered to have a market that require less expensive good, the company has engaged in what is referred to as Custom Bonded Factories; these are factories placed in less developed countries and receives CKDs (completely Knocked Down) parts from Toyota and assemble them into a complete automobile. This takes the benefit of low labor thus the products can be sold in their country of assembly at a lower price. On the other hand, these are government and Toyota programs so there are arrangements made to reduce taxes on these CKDs, thi s makes them even cheaper and affordable (See appendix 2). The product is advertised in the individual countries according to the capability of the customer there. There is an also â€Å"door to door† promotion where the company approach companies, governments, corporate bodies and offer the products that they have that can meet the need of the customer. In case the company does not have a full order in their warehouse, the policies of the company allows for the neighboring country to export to the country of deficit. All Toyota branches are located in city centers where they are likely to tap the greatest number of customers (CIOinsight, 2004). Conclusion A customer is the backbone of a company; the main decision that a marketing manager should make determining his company’s market segment. One of the ways to enter in the target market is marketing mix. The 4Ps represent Price, product/service, promotion, and place. An effective marketing ensures that goods are availa ble to the target customer, when they need them at and they are affordable. Toyota is one of the companies that have benefited from using the strategy. It manufactures different models which costs differently and makes them available to target customers. Reference List Anctil, E. (2008). Marketing and Advertising the Intangible. ASHE Higher Education Report, 34(2), 31-47. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. CIOinsight. (2004). Toyota’s Business Intelligence: Oh! What a Feeling. Page 3-4. Web. Hino, S. (2006). Inside the mind of Toyota: management principles for enduring growth. Tokyo: Productivity Press. Mind tools. (2010). Marketing Mix and 4Ps. Web. NetMBA.com. (2010). The Marketing Mix (4Ps of marketing). Web. Appendixes Appendix 1 A marketing mix diagram Appendix 2 A marketing mix used by Toyota (Hino, 2006) This report on The elements of the marketing mix was written and submitted by user Alexia S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Can’t we Remember the Books we Read - The Writers For Hire

WHY CAN’T WE REMEMBER THE BOOKS WE READ? You know you read the book. You can even remember where you bought it, where you were when you were reading it, and what the cover of the book looked like. What you can’t remember, though, is the actual book itself. But, why is that? This fascinating piece by The Atlantic explains how our brains have a â€Å"forgetting curve† when it comes to retaining details about the books we read, movies we watch, or things we see on the internet. They go on to further explain that while we are able to remember things that are important to our everyday lives, our brains recognize that things like details from books and movies are not things that are vital for us to store in our memory. After all, those are things that we can easily refer back to, if needed, by re-reading the book or re-watching the movie. While it may appear that things like books, movies, and the internet are dumbing us down by allowing us to store our memories externally, it seems that the internet age has really just caused our brains to re-prioritize the things that we remember. So, instead of trying to remember the details of the book we read 6-months ago, our brains are able to focus on more important things.

Why They Play Pranks on Dec. 28 in Spain, Latin America

Why They Play Pranks on Dec. 28 in Spain, Latin America If you should be in a Spanish-speaking country some April 1 and play a joke on your friends and follow that up with a shout of  ¡Tontos de abril! chances are youll get nothing but blank stares as a reaction. The minor holiday of April Fools Day, perennially popular in the United States, is little known in Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin America, but there is a rough equivalent, el Dà ­a de los Santos Inocentes (Day of the Holy Innocents), observed on Dec. 28. The Day of the Holy Innocents also known sometimes in English as the Feast of the Holy Innocents or as Childermas. How Dec. 28 Is Celebrated The day is observed  throughout the Spanish-speaking world  in much the same way as April Fools Day. But when the prankster is ready to reveal the joke, the saying is  ¡Inocente, inocente! or Innocent one, innocent one! (See the lesson on making nouns out of adjectives for the grammar behind this.) It is also common on that day for newspapers and TV stations to print or broadcast news stories based in humor rather than fact. In its origins, the day is a sort of gallows humor. The Day of the Innocents observes the day when, according to the Gospel of Matthew in the Bible, King Herod ordered the baby boys under 2 years old in Bethlehem to be killed because he was afraid that the baby Jesus born there would become a rival. As it turned out, though, the baby Jesus had been taken away to Egypt by Mary and Joseph. So the joke was on Herod, and thus followed the tradition of tricking friends on that day. (This is a sad story, but according to tradition the babies murdered in Jesus stead went to heaven as the first Christian martyrs.) Celebrating With a Food Fight One of worlds more unusual celebrations of any kind is used to mark Dec. 28 in Ibi, Alicante, Spain, not far from the middle of the Spanish Mediterranean Coast. In a tradition more than 200 years old, townspeople engage in a massive food fight of sorts- but its all in good fun and is used to raise money for charity. After a several decades in which the festivities were suspended for the Spanish Civil War and subsequent national events, they were revived in 1981 and have become a tourist draw and major event since then. The festivities are known as Els Enfarinats in Valencian, the local language closely tied to Catalan. In Spanish, its known as the fiesta of Los Enharinados, loosely translated as The Flour-Covered Ones. (Enharinar is the verb for coating something with flour, known as harina.) The festivities traditionally begin around 8 a.m. when participants in mock military attire stage a fake coup and take control of the town and enact all sorts of crazy ordinances in program called New Justice - Justà ­cia Nova in Catalan and Justicia Nueva in Spanish. Those who brake the pretend ordinances are fined, with the money going to worthy causes. Eventually, a massive fight ensues between the rulers and the opposition, a battle fought with flour, vegetables and other harmless projectiles. Festive dancing marks the end of the battle. Other Observances of Inocentes Several other regions have distinctive ways of observing the Day of the Holy Innocents. For example, various celebrations are widespread in Venezuela, where many of the celebrations mix European and indigenous traditions. In some areas, for example, festivities are held in which children dress as the elderly, the elderly dress as children, leaders dressed in tattered clothing, men dress as women and women as men and so on, and many wear colorful masks, headgear, and/or costumers. Names or some of these festivals include the festival of the locos and locaà ­nas (the crazy ones). Although Dec. 28 is not an officially observed holiday, some of the festivities can last the entire day. Another noteworthy celebration takes place in El Salvador, where the largest observance of the day takes place in Antiguo Cuscatln. Floats for a parade are adorned with pictures of children representing those in the Biblical story. A street fair is also held. Key Takeaways In most Spanish-speaking countries, Dec. 28 is observed as the Dà ­a de los Santos Inocentes, or the Day of the Holy Innocents, commemorating the Biblical story of King Herod killing babies in Bethlehem.The day is observed in some areas much like April Fools Day is observed in the United States.Colorful celebrations are held in some other areas to observe the day.

(5 paragraph illustration) Birthday party at the beach with a cook out Essay

(5 paragraph illustration) Birthday party at the beach with a cook out - Essay Example Having found my perfect destination, I sent out invitation letters to the family and some of Brittany’s friends she had not seen in a while even though they had gone to college together. This would be a perfect surprise. The day finally arrived; the cloudless sky was a clear sign of perfect weather. I started the morning preparations by setting up the venue. The party theme was white and sexy to blend in with the white sands of Boca Grande Beach. Therefore, for the furniture, I arranged for light comfortable chairs and tables. For the centerpiece, I put yellow scented vanilla candles – Brittany’s favorite scent. I arranged for toys, plastic tools like shovels, for the kids to play with on the beach. I set up jumping castles for the children too. I had invited Brittany’s favorite rock band – a surprise, too. I had a small but authentic gazebo set up for them, with deep black mahogany planks as the platform. This blended in nicely with my white theme. After finishing on the venue, I had to check on the catering. The party started at three in the afternoon. I did not want the guests to arrive and find me unprepared. I set off to collect the food, which included champagne, wine and beer; I also had some energy drinks and snacks for the kids. I also got biting for the adults: hot dogs, buns, potato crisps in apple sauce. I had to collect the birthday cake made especially for her. Brittany wanted a chocolate cake with a little bit of vanilla. I sprinkled the cake with blue berries. By half past 3, most of the guests had arrived and sat. The children were busy playing on the beach. My well-trained stuff began serving guests my homemade chilled cocktails, accompanied by sliced lemon. I offered kids some sunscreen and let them enjoy the sand. I had the hot dogs grilled and, within no time, they were ready to eat. The hot dogs placed in a fish shaped bowl served with

Freud and dreams The thoughts of Freud and association of dreams Essay

Freud and dreams The thoughts of Freud and association of dreams - Essay Example A theme of the paper is that the great contributor gave central importance to understanding individual meaning. He also addressed the challenges of understanding increasing developmental complexity, although neither acknowledged the challenge in these terms. The latter consideration frames a portrayal of the limitations of the ideas of each from our contemporary perspective. A final section of the paper looks to the future, invoking the creative spirit of these scientific ancestors as part of today's living history. I ask what the approaches of Freud offer us as we address the challenges of increasing complexity and seek new developmental advances in the 21st century. Freud's living contributions draw our attention to the meaning of individual experience. They tell us that much about the course of human development and its vicissitudes can be described in terms of lawful principles; priority, however, must be given to investigating individuality. In the discussion that follows in this paper, I shall emphasize Freud's influence on some key trends in today's developmental psychology, giving only brief mention to the history of child development between Freud's time and ours. It is hoped, however, that engaging in this kind of "back-to-the-future" journey will provide us with both pleasure and some fresh insights. Freud was a p DISCUSSION Freud was a practicing clinician who learned early that variations in private meaning cannot be taken for granted. Related to this point is another straightforward one, which, like the first, continues to permeate our developmental dialectics even today. This concerns the reality of psychic life and the assertion that understanding an individual's unique life and living perspective is worthy of both study and therapeutic attention. Strong contemporary statements of both points for developmental psychology can be seen in Bruner (2000) and in Stern (2003). PLAY Play offers a good way to begin taking a fresh look at Freud. We can envision Freud attending to the meaning of individual experience and theorizing in ways that are both simple and profound. Writing in 1920, Freud described observations of his 1 -year-old grandson who lived with him for some weeks. He commented that the child was not at all precocious in language development and frequently threw things away from himself-for example, in a corner or under a bed. On these occasions, the child often pronounced a long, drawn-out "Oooo"-an utterance that the child's mother and Freud agreed seemed to represent the German word fort (i.e., gone). One day I made an observation. The child had a wooden reel with a piece of string tied round it. what he did was to hold the reel by the string and very skillfully throw it over the edge of his curtained cot, so that it disappeared into it, at the same time uttering his expressive "Oooo." He then pulled the reel out of the cot again by the string and hailed its reappearance with a joyful "Da" (there). This, then, was the complete game-disappearance and return. As a rule, one only witnessed its first act, which was repeated untiringly as the game in itself, for there is no doubt that the greater pleasure was attached to the second act. (Freud, 1920/2003a. p. 15) Freud added a footnote to this work in which he documents a subsequent observation that seemed to confirm his

Case Study Boeing Aircraft Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study Boeing Aircraft Company - Essay Example change in the market, its management had difficulty co-ordinating activities towards its goals as a result of hierarchical management style; problems that had to be resolved by a willing leadership that is open to new ideas. It was imperative that the management of Boeing takes these into account and comes up with a more effective organisational structure and adapting to a newer organisational culture in order to achieve the company’s objectives. Such change, however, is a worthy risk venture. It is expected that it could be highly resisted by both employees and operational managers. The resistance could emanate from the fear to change (Donnelly et al., 1995). Resistance could also be as a result of fear of losing something valuable or just lack of trust in the management. The large number of employees at Boeing compounds the difficulty of the situation making the change opted by Condit an uphill task. But Condit presents to fore a leadership that can mitigate the upheavals of Boeing by adopting the democratic approach of leadership where he consults his staff. In turn, they feel part and parcel of decision making. This is in contrast with the traditional autocratic style that had been adopted by Shrontz that â€Å"kept every employee at their place.† Thus, with Condit, one foresees a Boeing with a new organizational structure and culture that is embraced by its employees. The present organisational structure and systems adopted by Shrontz were facing a number of issues emerging from the traditional management approach adopted. Condit had the tough task of changing the culture of an organisation in order to enhance its performance and meet stakeholders’ needs. This paper will examine the problems that Boeing was facing and will unveil how an appropriate leadership style can facilitate change. A major issue for Boeing comprised the aggressive environment that the firm was operating in. Boeing was facing tough competition from other well established

The Real Chocolate Company Marketing Essay

The Real Chocolate Company Marketing Essay The Real Chocolate Company is a Gourmet chocolate company that offers a wide range of products as well as handmade gourmet chocolate. They specialise in organic chocolates and have over 100 varieties of chocolate making them a potential threat to companies such as Heresy and Ferrero-Rocher. The company was identified as one of the fastest growing small public companies this is according to the information provided in the case study. This assignment will look at the current strategic position of the real chocolate company, as well as their range of products and services. This assignment will also look at the key stake holders and the strategic purpose followed by an in-depth look at the strategist intent, External Analysis External Analysis examines the opportunities and threats that existing in the current environment in which the business practices. In every business opportunities exist and threats independently and in the ever changing markets opportunist and threats can emerge rapidly. In this section I will use pestle and porters 5 forces to examine the threats and opportunities 1.1PESTLE Analysis Threats The Real Chocolate company as well as almost every company that sells goods and services, must comply with government regulations in the country thy operate in, it can become a threat if the regulation change on the amount of chocolate that can be produced and consumed, according to (Morone, 2002) the obesity levels in the US have reached an all-time high and fast food and confectionery good such as Chocolate and sweets are to blame, this external force can threaten the Real chocolate company. Taxes on candy and other legislations would affect the cost of chocolates and confectionery products, this threat could seriously affect the real chocolate company, as the company do not sell their goods in local stores they are at a bigger disadvantage, but as products are made in store and by hand production can be stopped relatively easily. Health concerns can also affect the sales of the chocolate despite the fact that dark chocolate has numerous health benefits, but when taken irresponsibly can have a negative affect. As mentioned earlier, obesity is one concern that seems to be affecting very business and companies have to create healthier alternatives. Prices of raw materials could increase and decrease depending on the stability of the economy and or the market, in the case of environment wheatear conditions in cocoa farms can become harsh and affect the amount of coca produce, with limited supplies the demand for coca will be higher and the price for the raw material will be greater. This is the main threat that the real chocolate company faces, unlike other problems that can be solved with creating healthier alternatives, this threat cannot be fixed unless the real chocolate company invested in their own coca farm Opportunities Young people are becoming more independent from a younger age therefore they should become the target market for gourmet chocolate the real chocolate company, this group can serve as a potential opportunity to increase sales. Improvement of the company website can allow for better promotion of products as well as greater networking opportunities such as increasing client portfolio and hopeful gain international clients thus improving the companies chances of being successful overseas. Following Ferrero-Rochers designed of their packages; the real chocolate company should package their products in a unique design that helps them stand of from the competition, also they can take advantage of their varieties and package each particular chocolate in its personal package, this could be costly but it will include public awareness of the company. Join the health bandwagon, the real chocolate company can use the obesity threat to their advantage by creating more helter alternatives, it would help if the company stressed the fact that their product is health compared to the competitions. 1.2 Porter 5 forces Assess the competitive environment to find the threats and opportunities that the real chocolate company faces in their market. Rivalry in the chocolate industry is very high, according to the research conducted in other assignments the market is highly competitive, this means that more experienced companies in the market will have larger growth and greater returns compared to the real chocolate company, this threat means that the Real Chocolate company would need to create a new strategy in order to compete directly with the larger rivals Suppliers have the most power in the chocolate industry as stated earlier, in the even a war or weather conditions affect the coca supplies the price of chocolate will rise, this means the real chocolate company needs to pay more and to cover the cost would have to increase price. According to (Wearden, 2011) coca prises are on the rise this means that suppliers will have an even greater power over the real chocolate factory. Entry into the market is high but as the real chocolate sells organic gourmet chocolate they are not in immediate danger from new generic chocolate companies entering the market. Internal Analysis This section will identify the internal capabilities of the real chocolate company and match them against factors commonly found in the industry. 2.1 Strengths and Weaknesses A company motto might not seem so important but Perfection in handmade gourmet chocolate is an excellent way to inform customers of the quality and care than goes into the chocolates. The companys high regard for the community is a real strength wherein the company provides sponsorships and provision for educational opportunities, as stated in the case study this method is low-cost but has a high publicity return. Publicity is an essential for small companies and the more people know about the company the greater the potential for new customers. The larger varieties is a competitive advantage that other chocolatiers lack, the larger pieces of gourmet and the variety doesnt limit the customers which promotes higher sales as they have enough variety to cater to every customer. The real chocolate company strengths include their new integrated management system , Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) makes sure the companys system are maintained, the new system allows the company to predict and planning for any issues that might affect the company on a daily basis. Ideally it addresses operational planning units and is capable of answering what-if questions, constantly readjusting to the every changing units, this is according to (Investopedia, 2009) Bad promotion can be the down fall of any company, in the case of the Real Chocolate company advertisement or lack of it is one of the biggest weaknesses of the company. With the proper advertisement tools the real chocolate company would increase the number of customers they have as well as increase sales. One of the biggest weaknesses the real chocolate company has is there lack of innovations; competitors have branched out into different markets or even different aspects in the same market, for example Hershey (a rival chocolate company) has kept in the same market but has created a number of confectioneries goods to increase their sales and market portfolio. Staff strength http://essayblog.org/wp-content/samples/chocolate.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Porters_five_forces.PNG http://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/using-strategic-analysis-and-strategic-management-business-essay.php

A Passage to India – Analysis

The novel and film ‘A Passage to India’ written by Forster and directed by Lean is about the Society of British people in India. Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested arrived in Chandrapore, India because Mrs. Moore’s son Ronny and Adela are recently engaged. However, when they arrived they sensed, and were quickly trapped in, a prejudiced British community which misuses the natives of India and abuses them throughout the whole novel and film. ‘A Passage to India’. The film is directed by Lean presents and emphasis meaning throughout the film. An example of presenting meaning is when it is the scene when you see Mrs. Moore standing up for ‘God save the Queen’ and you see her directing her view slowly towards the Ganges. Lean uses the glance to turn down the music, presumably at the time that Mrs. Moore’s attention is transferred to the magnificence of the river. As time goes by when she is viewing the Ganges, you hear ‘God save the Queen’s’ volume dimming, this represents silence when is just looking, during this time she is just reflecting on things which have recently happened which she thinks is wrong. Lean at times presents the moon, the night sky and the expanses of the Ganges. Few examples of where Mrs. Moore is shown with the moon, night sky and the expanses of the Ganges, the first example is when you see Mrs. Moore entering the Moslim mosque which Dr. Aziz was there reflecting and Mrs. Moore for the first time looks out to the Ganges with the night sky so close. An another scene is when Mrs. Moore and Adela are on the train and while the train is crossing the bridge the night sky and expanses of the Ganges are shown. Another scene is when Mrs. Moore is on the ship leaving Chandrapore and she is seen by the deck reflecting on the recent things, the night sky is shown and the expanses, She finally dies after suffering from her heart condition. Lean presents a scene at the club when they were playing English songs such as, ‘God save the Queen’, ‘Tea for two’ and more. From this we can say that Lean presents the Indians as serving, There is no real meaning because all that they are doing is taking time away from their own lives to perform what they don’t really understand. They are merely used to imprint the British culture is rendered with seeming pride and enthusiasm. Lean shows Mrs. Moore and Godbole as characters who technically do not talk with each other but they do recognize and appreciates each others time. A good example of a scene where Godbole and Mrs. Moore are communicating without words spoken is the scene where Mrs. Moore is on the train and leaving Chandrapore, Godbole walks out of his temple and does a hand sign in the rear darkness. Mrs. Moore responds in a wave that seems to deepen the silence to meaning. A Passage to India – Analysis The novel and film ‘A Passage to India’ written by Forster and directed by Lean is about the Society of British people in India. Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested arrived in Chandrapore, India because Mrs. Moore’s son Ronny and Adela are recently engaged. However, when they arrived they sensed, and were quickly trapped in, a prejudiced British community which misuses the natives of India and abuses them throughout the whole novel and film. ‘A Passage to India’. The film is directed by Lean presents and emphasis meaning throughout the film. An example of presenting meaning is when it is the scene when you see Mrs. Moore standing up for ‘God save the Queen’ and you see her directing her view slowly towards the Ganges. Lean uses the glance to turn down the music, presumably at the time that Mrs. Moore’s attention is transferred to the magnificence of the river. As time goes by when she is viewing the Ganges, you hear ‘God save the Queen’s’ volume dimming, this represents silence when is just looking, during this time she is just reflecting on things which have recently happened which she thinks is wrong. Lean at times presents the moon, the night sky and the expanses of the Ganges. Few examples of where Mrs. Moore is shown with the moon, night sky and the expanses of the Ganges, the first example is when you see Mrs. Moore entering the Moslim mosque which Dr. Aziz was there reflecting and Mrs. Moore for the first time looks out to the Ganges with the night sky so close. An another scene is when Mrs. Moore and Adela are on the train and while the train is crossing the bridge the night sky and expanses of the Ganges are shown. Another scene is when Mrs. Moore is on the ship leaving Chandrapore and she is seen by the deck reflecting on the recent things, the night sky is shown and the expanses, She finally dies after suffering from her heart condition. Lean presents a scene at the club when they were playing English songs such as, ‘God save the Queen’, ‘Tea for two’ and more. From this we can say that Lean presents the Indians as serving, There is no real meaning because all that they are doing is taking time away from their own lives to perform what they don’t really understand. They are merely used to imprint the British culture is rendered with seeming pride and enthusiasm. Lean shows Mrs. Moore and Godbole as characters who technically do not talk with each other but they do recognize and appreciates each others time. A good example of a scene where Godbole and Mrs. Moore are communicating without words spoken is the scene where Mrs. Moore is on the train and leaving Chandrapore, Godbole walks out of his temple and does a hand sign in the rear darkness. Mrs. Moore responds in a wave that seems to deepen the silence to meaning.

Critical Essay †“By any other name” by John Lavin Essay

In the short story â€Å"By any other name† written by John Lavin, the theme of relationships is developed throughout the story by Lavin’s choice of language and descriptive writing. By looking at Lavin’s chosen setting and characterisation in the story, I will examine the theme of relationships. The story is set in the slums of Glasgow around the 1930’s is about a boy called Peter and his fight for survival with his parents in very poor conditions. To examine the theme of relationships it is important to examine the setting of the story. The setting Lavin created and how they get on with each other affect the characters. Due to a rapid growth in urbanisation, overcrowding and poor living conditions were very common. â€Å"Disease and death and want stalked through the sunless hovels† The use of personification here offers the reader an insight into the terrible conditions that many had to endure this period of time. It also shows how poor the family were. â€Å"Smell of cats and sickness and primitive drainage† This creates a very filthy image of the area they lived in. It also gives the reader the shock factor. I also feel that it puts a very hard strain of the family has they have to live in such horrible conditions. Peter does not get on very well with his father and they don’t have a very good relationship with each other. â€Å"He was always drunk just as I was always hungry† This shows that Peter’s father spent all the family’s money on drink and since they had no money they could not afford to put no food on the table. I also feel this shows that Peter had no respect for his father and also resented that his dad spent all the money. â€Å"I still fell pity I had for him, the only emotion he ever stirred in me† This gives the me the reader an insight into the feelings Peter had for his father. Peter I think felt sorry but had no real admiration for him, as he was always drunk and never really cared for him. â€Å"A mangled thing† Here Peter is talking about his father. This is a very impersonal thing to say about your father but this was true in Peter’s case. I also feel this shows that Peter lack any sort of emotion. Peter had a very good relationship with his mother. â€Å"My mother had the loveliest hair I ever saw† I feel this shows that Peter shows a lot of affection for his mother and that he loves her dearly. He also I think admires her for putting up with his father and the terrible living conditions that they had to endure. â€Å"Grey autumn day† I feel that his sets the tone for his mother’s death as she died from TB. I also think that his conveys very well how Peter feels, as he is now all alone as he does not get on with his father. Peter’s parents did not have a very good relationship. â€Å"They seldom spoke† They did not have any real conversations. The short sentence I feel sums up and emphasize how poor their relationship was. I think John Lavin has done a great job of convey the theme of relationships between family members.   

Daily life in the medieval Islamic world

Daily life in the medieval Islamic world The Islamic life during the medieval period was characterized by historical and cultural events explaining the role of various individuals in the families. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Daily life in the medieval Islamic world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Islam refers to giving up and surrendering to God, it is a religion based on individual relationship with God (Allah) and is guarded by Sharia Law which is a comprehensive system covering relationship between human being and their creator or with other people in a society and a nation at large (Lindsay, 2005). It is divided into two categories namely: Devotional Law dealing with issues that bring individuals close to God (Allah) while Transactional Law regulates human activities in world in regard to the relationships between individual in the society (Lindsay, 2005). Thesis statement, â€Å"life in the Medieval Islamic world is characterized by several tra ditions that determine the role of an individual in the Islamic society†. Medieval period is the time when the world noted heightened interest in arts and history which were passed through to the middle age (Cook, 2003). The period noted the emergence of the Sufi tradition during the 4th century AD, which reflects the inner mystical practice emphasizes on specific spiritual guidelines to ensure closer relations between men and God and recognizes Mohammad as the chief prophet (Lindsay, 2005). Sufis believe in God responsible for all creation in the world with most important rituals being zikr in which members appreciate God through mediation, chants and movement as a way of communicating their problems (Cook, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarities between Sharia Law and Sufism Both Sharia and Sufism recognize Mohammad as a prophet of God through w hom all forms of communication to Allah are channeled according to the teachings derived from Holly Quran (Lindsay, 2005). Secondly, both traditions belief in one God the creator of man and the universe hence paying allegiance through fasting, praying and assisting the needy (Cook, 2003). Similarly, in both cases, the wrath of God is felt for failure to abide by the rules in the Holly Quran which are the fabric holding the community together, failure to participate in activities directed by the traditions leads to punishment from God (Cook, 2003). However, the two traditions conflicts on areas such as: the Sharia Law relies on two categories that deals with different situations in life as it involves, Transactional Law or Devotional Law regulating the relationship between man and God and with fellow humans in the society while Sufi relies on a single law that regulates the relationship between man and God(Lindsay, 2005). In addition ,Sharia law is expressed through five necessities regulating, reason, property ownership and honor each of which is protected by legislative reference while Sufi relies majorly on strong self conviction with God(Cook, 2003). Sunni and Shi i tradition Sunni tradition developed during the last quarter of the 4th century, it refers to statements, series of action or tactics that are approved as a reflection for peace and draws its origin from the prophetic era of the Islamic faith giving explanations to ambiguous clauses in the Islamic law (Cook, 2003). It explains the issues not tackled in the Quran for example, the potion of a grandmother’s share on inheritance stating â€Å"the Prophet of peace ruled the grandmother to acquire one sixth of the estate as inheritance â€Å"a statement not included in the Sharia Law (Lindsay, 2005). Sunni is a subsidiary for Quran and gives specific explanations into the relationship between man and his creator and with the society at large. Advertising We will write a custom essay s ample on Daily life in the medieval Islamic world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the 5th century AD witnessed the development of Shi i tradition that accepted â€Å"Ali ibn Abi-Talib†, Mohammad’s son-in-law as the Prophet’s legitimate successor similarly, its believers believed in twelve lines of inheritance after the Prophet (Cook, 2003).The two traditions are similar in that both recognizes one superhuman creator, God (Allah). Roles and status of men and women in the family and society The emergence of the various traditions during the medieval period introduced complete change in the Islamic life in regard to Islamic laws. The laws and penal codes give men the highest status in the society and consider women as subordinate in societal affairs. According to the Islamic traditions, despite the teachings on equality of sexes before God, women enjoy lower status than men with fewer rights and responsibilit ies, for example, men are mandated to owning all the family financial and economic resources while women are required to consult their husbands or male guardians on administering these assets (Lindsay, 2005). Similarly, women have no powers to choose their own place of residence and the husband while men have both moral and religious duty to punish their wives for disobedience (Cook, 2003). Moreover, men enjoy the first priority on inheritance ,for example, a son inherits property equivalent to that of two daughters (Cook, 2003). The roles and status of the dhimmi populations in the Islamic world During the 6th century AD, Islam was entrenched in the desert of Saudi Arabia when the prophet turned against the Jews at the oasis of Khaybar leading to the death of many Jews and Christians of Saudi Arabia who were force to submit to Muslim laws hence become dhimmi population in Saudi Arabia (Lindsay, 2005). Dhimmi population are people of non-Muslim origin who accepts to be governed by S haria Laws and enjoy the right of residence in exchange for taxes levied on them (Lindsay, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under sharia law, the status was initially accorded to Jews, Christians and Sabians living in Islamic nations but latter extended to Hindus and Serbians, they are entitled to fewer legal right than indigenous Muslims in these areas (Cook, 2003). They are granted rights such as consumption of pork and alcohol that is illegal to Muslims and are also allowed to get â€Å"blood money† the amount paid for the death caused by another in countries such as Saudi Arabia (Lindsay, 2005). In conclusion, the developments which occurred during the medieval period improved the Islamic and religion by emphasizing on Sharia Law which gives high status to men in all activities in the society the religion has developed over along period of time resulting to strong system of laws able to withstand legal changes in the world (Lindsay, 2005). The laws control every aspect of life resulting unity of all citizens in different parts of the world. Reference List Cook, M. (2003).Forbidding wrong in I slam: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lindsay, J. (2005). Daily life in the medieval Islamic world. New York: Oxford University Press.

Metric Unit Prefixes

Metric Unit Prefixes Metric or SI (Le Systà ¨me International dUnità ©s) units are based on units of ten. Very large or very small numbers are easier to work with when you can replace any scientific notation with a name or word. The metric unit prefixes are short words that indicate a multiple or fraction of a unit. The prefixes are the same no matter what the unit is, so decimeter means 1/10th of a meter and deciliter means 1/10th of a liter, while kilogram means 1000 grams and kilometer means 1000 meters. Decimal-based prefixes have been used in all forms of the metric system, dating back to the 1790s. The prefixes used today have been standardized from 1960 to 1991 by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures for use in the metric system and the International System of Units (SI). Examples Using Metric Prefixes The distance from City A to City B is 8.0 x 103 meters. From the table, 103 can be replaced with the prefix kilo. Now the distance could be stated as 8.0 kilometers or shortened further to 8.0 km. The distance from Earth to the Sun is approximately 150,000,000,000 meters. You could write this as 150 x 109 m, 150 gigameters or 150 Gm. The width of human hair runs on the order of 0.000005 meters. Rewrite this as 50 x 10-6m, 50 micrometers, or 50 ÃŽ ¼m. Metric Prefixes Chart This table lists common metric prefixes, their symbols, and how many units of ten each prefix is when the number is written out. Prefix Symbol x from 10x Full Form yotta Y 24 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 zetta Z 21 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 exa E 18 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 peta P 15 1,000,000,000,000,000 tera T 12 1,000,000,000,000 giga G 9 1,000,000,000 mega M 6 1,000,000 kilo k 3 1,000 hecto h 2 100 deca da 1 10 base 0 1 deci d -1 0.1 centi c -2 0.01 milli m -3 0.001 micro -6 0.000001 nano n -9 0.000000001 pico p -12 0.000000000001 femto f -15 0.000000000000001 atto a -18 0.000000000000000001 zepto z -21 0.000000000000000000001 yocto y -24 0.000000000000000000000001 Interesting Metric Prefix Trivia Not all of the metric prefixes that were proposed were adopted. For example, myria- or myrio- (104) and the binary prefixes double- (factor of 2) and demi- (one-half) were originally used in France in 1795, but were dropped in 1960 because they were not symmetrical or decimal. The prefix hella- was proposed in 2010 by UC Davis student Austin Sendek for one octillion (1027). Despite receiving significant support, the Consultative Committee for Units rejected the proposal. Some websites did, however, adopt the prefix, notably Wolfram Alpha and Google Calculator. Because the prefixes are based on units of ten, you dont have to use a calculator to perform conversions between different units. All you need to do is move the decimal point to the left or right or add/subtract exponents of 10 in scientific notation. For example, if you want to convert millimeters to meters, you can move the decimal point three places to the left: 300 millimeters 0.3 meters If you have trouble trying to decide which direction to move a decimal point, use common sense. Millimeters are small units, while a meter is large (like a meter stick), so there should be lots of millimeters in a meter. Converting from a large unit to a smaller unit works the same way. For example, converting kilograms to centigrams, you move the decimal point 5 places to the right (3 to get to the base unit and then 2 more): 0.040 kg 400 cg

Should Police Be Armed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Police Be Armed - Essay Example In the present scenario the rate of violence is crossing all limits. The cops are risking their lives in order to save the lives of public. Crime is uncontrollable nowadays, how can we expect the police officers to confront the criminals without themselves being properly equipped with arms and protection. So, it’s the duty of the government of nations to provide adequate firearms and protective equipment to the police officers. We are now living in an era where a criminal has more privileges than the common man. The rate of attacks on the police officers has increased to a great extent. In absence of firearms with the police, the fear of police in the minds of the criminals will surely be insufficient. Also, when people who have been employed to protect the public can no longer protect themselves, the confidence of public in them will not substantially down. The police should be armed, and with this they should have decision making ability and the courage to shoot the criminals if the lives of public are in danger. Firearms are necessary to maintain that fear for the cops in the minds of the terrorists. The criminals have no respect for the law of the nation and no fear for the police. Arming the police will teach the criminals a lesson. If the police are armed, criminals will think twice before hurting any police officer. Only making the police armed would not do. Not only should the cops be armed, but along with this, they should also be given adequate training for dealing with the situations effectively. The equipments provided to the police should work, because in most cases, old equipments provided to the police have proved to be of no use when actually needed. The opponents to this view say that arming the police has more disadvantages than advantages. The opponents say that every officer cannot be trusted with a gun. Making the police armed has increased the number of

Art Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Gallery - Essay Example I was particularly impressed by his sculptures His sculptures are fascinating as they are made either from exotic wood or an assortment or stone pieces. The use of oxidized paint gives it a metallic copper finish as though the sculpture was done by an tribe in Africa or it came from an ancient people from an Aztec pyramid. The carving is done in such a way that the viewer sees what he want. There is a combination of modern with ancient. The chosen piece "Shrine" was displayed as a major piece in a the corner of one of the rooms. The lighting was excellent so as to show the effect of the oxidized finish. combines modern with ancient. I have to note that I did not mark the year it was done and I could not find it on internet. The cross on the top of the piece show his technique as a modern graphic designer. It is pretty and really gives no other indication until you start to think of the symbolism of the piece. As you take your eyes and start looking down you see the cross as a means of joining two pieces of wood or two people. It is quite common in both African and local culture in Latin American culture to have two people joined together in wood in the form of a statue. His technique is modern as the viewer needs to look awhile as to see the purpose of the Shrine. It is a shrine to the couple. It is a shrine to man and woman. There is no differentiation to the man and the woman. This is also another modern technique. Is the cross a protection of God? This is just an idea. The use of oxidization shows that the unification of man and wife is an ancient custom and will continue to last. This piece can be interpreted as just a piece of wood with a pretty form. In any other context it would have been interesting to take different statutes from different cultures to compare the same subject, then the viewer would have seen the meaning given to the Shrine. I chose this piece because it took work to figure out

Personal Philosophy and Model of Supervision Essay

Personal Philosophy and Model of Supervision - Essay Example The supervisor’s role within this is multi-faceted, and includes many important features that are vital within counseling objectives. Often dealing with multiple tasks that require differing methods, the supervisor serves as mentor, teacher, evaluator, and counselor, while also assuring cliental needs. S/he is there to encourage, protect, teach, inform, train, advise, and guarantee the successful training of supervisees, through the implementation of a personally chosen supervisory model that has evolved in the course of professional experience. When facing the challenge of defining a supervision model that serves all of the above criteria, but which is still personal and tailored to any given philosophy on the role of counseling, the situation of the supervisee sitting under the supervisor immediately springs to mind. What are the expectations of the supervisee? What are they hoping to achieve, to obtain, from their mentor? What is their role within the procedure, and how can they help to ensure that effective training occurs? I believe, above all, that supervision is first and foremost client, or supervisee, orientated. The main reason for wanting to enter any caring profession is always to do with helping others, and in this respect, supervision is no different. A caring nature, compassion, concern, availability, and the desire to see changed lives, all form part of my reasons for wanting to enter into this vocation. However, having these much needed elements does not form a good supervisor – it is just the starting point. Supervision aspires to take someone from this starting point and to shape them into a professional supervisor, who is able to perform all of the necessary functions that supervising entails. Teaching professional conduct, ethics and safety, different procedures, techniques, and so forth, it is through good supervision that good supervisors are formed – or, of course, the opposite. And, therefore, the

Meanings of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior Essay Example for Free

Meanings of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior Essay Until several years ago, many students who were classified as having ID or assigned into an inclusion classroom were not expected to participate in standardized testing, however as late, everyone in public schools is expected to participate in standardized assessments. Some educators are happy with the change while others are concerned the assessments are not an accurate assessment of what students actually know. For many students with learning disabilities, standardized assessments often don’t accurately indicate what the student truly knows and where they have deficits. One problem with assessing students with ID is the identification and classification of ID is that they differ greatly between states and is often inconsistent. According to Kortez, students with specific learning disabilities are served under the IDEA, however we use the word â€Å"classification† when referring to the category of and indentified student’s specific disability or disabilities (Kortez). The major problem that arises is the fact that identification is being highly inconsistent which is raising the concern students being mislabeled. It seems as though some educators are either over identifying or under indentifying students. However, this is not just a problem on the educator’s level; it is also showing up on the state level. It seems as though when the combined across the nation, identification is inconsistent. More than half of all students being served are doing so under the IDEA part B umbrella, students with specific disabilities, while the number of students recognized as† learning disabled ranges from 3% to 9%† across the United States (Kortez). According to Kortez, not all states implement the same policies, guidelines, or criteria, therefore some states have a significant higher or lower number of students identified based on what they as a state deem legitimate. Because there is such a difference in policies, it is therefore difficult to d etermine an adequate way to assess students with disabilities. Inclusion needs to be implemented in a way that will not only boost the quality of performance generated by the assessment but also the constructive outcome of the education being provided. The difficulty therefore lies in being able to implement a sound assessment because of the significant essential factors. One factor that would have to be determined is how many special education students would qualify as ineligible to partake in the regular education assessments. Another factor that would be solved would be how the regular education assessment could be enhanced to better suit the needs of the special education students. Also, the decision would have to be made to determine the criteria for students who would qualify for accommodations and which accommodations would be appropriate. In order for all these decisions to be made, it is essential for all the characteristics as well as the needs of the indentified students be met, and it is almost impossible if the identification and cl assification of the students continue to be inconsistent. Another problem with assessing indentified students is the fact of accommodations. When a test is given to a student with disabilities, certain changes or â€Å"accommodations† are made. Some of these accommodations are simple as testing the student in a smaller group, allowing the frequent monitored breaks, allowing the student extra time to finish the assessment, or reading the directions or questions to the student. When small changes such as these mentioned are made, they are referred to as accommodations. However if changes such giving the student a different test, illuminating parts of the test, or change the test in any way it is referred to as a â€Å"modification† and the assessment is no longer considered a standard test and is referred to as a non-standard test. When it comes to the element of measuring the assessment, the main goal to implementing accommodations is to better validate the information regarding the students and their disabilities. Testing cons istency is implemented in order to increase the accuracy by getting rid of the immaterial variations for the testing between schools. For instance, if one school allows thirty minutes for a test and another allows an hour and a half, the longer test would be considered the bias between the two. When it comes to students and their disabilities it is only fair that accommodations be made in order to make the test fair for everyone. For example, if a student has a profound vision problem then it would only make sense to change the presentation of the test (larger print, recording), in order to show a more true result of what the student actually knows, instead of not doing well simply because they can’t see the text well enough. If accommodations aren’t standard then results will not be consistent and therefore we won’t have an accurate snapshot of what the students actually know. A third problem that may arise when testing students with disabilities is the design, construction, and evaluations of the test. One circumstance that needs to be considered where testing is concerned is the design of th e test. Some tests can be biased in one area where another assessment may be biased in another area. Some tests are designed to assess a certain group of students with similar backgrounds and therefore are biased against those students who don’t share a similar background. While there are methods for dealing with bias are implemented, not all the methods are not equipped to detect bias toward students with disabilities. Systems used for assessing bias often insist on students being paired on some criterion measure of the structure of relevance. For example, if a reasonable criterion could be settled on for fifth graders in math proficiency, then the students without disabilities and students with disabilities could be matched together and then determine if the two sets of students were similar or different in the same areas. The second area of design that needs to be considered is the difficulty of the assessment itself. Often, most students with disabilities do not perform well on assessments. Furthermore, most assessments are too complex for students with disabilities, therefore often rendering results that are intimidating for students with disabilities and may also cause unfavorable reactions from their teachers. Some students may be nonverbal students and may not be about to write or say their answers, making it impossible for them to par take in standardized tests. Many of the students with ID have a mixture of intelligence deficits and adaptive behavior that initiates their academic deficits. These deficits can’t be the effect of a sensory impairment, a specific learning disability, or a behavior disorder, and would have to start showing systems before the child reaches school age. If a student’s cognitive deficit seems to be mild, then their deficit would resemble a broad disability with no specific area. The students who have been diagnosed with a specific learning disability will have functioning highs and lows. Students with intelligence disabilities have a difficult time across the curriculum as well as adaptive behavior. As time goes on there are more and more students who have to take standardized tests. This can be difficult for teachers, especially when it is almost impossible to accurately assess them and their progress. Some of the problems that occur when assessing students with ID, is the classification and identification of students, deciding what accommodations or modifications should be used for each child, and if the test that is being administered is level appropriate for the students with disabilities. References 1. Kortez, Daniel. Center for the Study of Evaluation. Project 1.1 Comparative Analyses of Current Assessment and Accountability Systems/Strand 3 Daniel Koretz, Project Director, CRESST/Harvard Graduate School of Education http://www.cse.ucla.edu/products/reports/TR587.pdf 2. Centra, J. A., (1986). Handicapped student performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 19, 324-327. 3. Clarizio, H. F., Phillips, S. E. (1992). A comparison of severe discrepancy formulae: Implications for policy consultation. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 3, 55-68.

House Voices Essay -- Ghosts Descriptive Essays Personal Narrative

House Voices I will start with my new house. It is down the street from where my grandma and great aunt live. The house has two levels, the main floor and the basement. There are two bedrooms, the office, the bathroom, the living room with a fireplace, dinning room, and the kitchen on the main level. The basement contains the laundry room, the family room, a bathroom, and a large storage area. The house was for sale because the old woman who lived in it before us had died in the summer heat while her air conditioner was broken. Her neighbors found her in her house. It was later discovered that she had been dead for a few days. She was lying on the floor, in the only hallway in the house, just beyond the bathroom door. I have always wanted a bedroom in the basement, but there have been no basement bedrooms in any of the houses we have lived in. So I improvised by cutting the long storage room in half with a big blanket hanging from the central I-beam, making my own basement-bedroom with a pre-existing bathroom just three feet from my bedroom door. The only drawback is that the blanket-wall separates my bedroom from the storage room that is filled with boxes upon boxes of the "stuff" we just don't have enough time or space for. One of my presents for Christmas a few years ago was a brand new Talk Boy Jr. The Talk Boy Jr. is a small, palm-sized recording device that records one message at a time and will play the message when you press a button. Basically it is a small version of the Talk Boy, which uses a tape. As I got older, I stopped playing with it. One time, when my sister was on vacation from college, she recorded a small saying she often used, along with her distinct laugh, which was, "You're suck a dork, te he h... ...d walking, and a moment later, BOOM! The three pound glass baking dish exploded, shooting shards of sharp glass in every direction possible. Every direction possible, that is, with the exception of the location where Darren was standing. We have never stopped picking up shards of glass from small corners in the kitchen, but not a single sliver of glass touched him, even though he was standing right in front of the oven. He never thought the voice he heard to be anything less than a gesture of kindness. Many people believe in this ghost stuff, but many do not. I believe in ghosts, and not only because of my personal experience. So, is this all fact, or fiction to you? If you want to make up your own mind about my situation, ask me to play the tape for you. If just for fun, I at least have something new to say to my friends when starting a conversation, "Hey Pal."

Pestle analysis by pepsico. Essay

PepsiCo is the largest selling beverage the world over, of course after its arch rival Coca Cola. It accounts for a 37% share of the global beverage market, and therefore they need to understand each and every country’s market in order to stay in line with their PESTLE situations. Pepsi is a big brand, currently holds the 23rd place in the Interbrands report of the World’s Leading Brands. Their advertisements feature major celebrities and athletes like David Beckham, Robbie Williams, Britney Spears, and Michael Jackson etc. Their market reach is also very diverse, as they’re present in almost every country from the US to New Zealand. Their PESTLE analysis is given below: Political: Pepsi is a non-alcoholic beverage and is therefore regulated by the FDA. So, they’re supposed to maintain a firm standard of the laws set out by the FDA with consistency. Also, many different markets across the world have different set of regulations that are either relaxed or are either stringent. There is competitive pricing by Pepsi’s competitors and that is one factor that Pepsi has to keep in mind at all times. The political scenario also matters greatly as there can be some civil unrest in certain markets or due to inflation the sales of the product can fall. Most importantly, cross border situations are starkly different therefore Pepsi has to stay in line with all those policies and changes so that they can adapt to all those changes accordingly. Economic: As the recent economic downturn has plagued the economy, companies had to restructure their sales and marketing campaigns greatly. Also, with diminishing profits they had to undergo downsizing internally and re-think upon how to penetrate the market. Economic conditions have the highest influence on a business, regardless of what trade it is in. Though, in Pepsi’s favor, the economic downturn that started in 2008 resulted in increased sales of its beverages mainly as people were being laid off from jobs, they were spending time with friends and family or at home. Social: Social factors greatly impact Pepsi, as it’s a non-alcoholic beverage it has to remain in line with the strict and stark differences of cultures the world over. Also, Pepsi has to communicate its image as a global brand so that the people can associate it with themselves as something that connects the world together. Usually, the social implications are seen in marketing campaigns for example certain countries have religious festivals, so Pepsi has to keep in line with all those festivals in order to understand the psyche of their market and how they can cash upon the opportunity. Technological: With the advent of the new age in technology, companies have completely integrated themselves with all the recent changes that have taken place. To mention a recent trend that has greatly picked up and something that almost every business is turning toward is Social Media. The social media explosion has allowed for increasingly interactive engagement with the consumers with real time results so Pepsi has to stay ahead of all the developments that take place with keeping in view how the youth of today utilizes technology for their benefit and how can Pepsi reach them in order to keep on increasing brand recall and brand engagement. Legal: There can be many legal implications upon the beverage industry. I would cite one very famous incident took place in India, where Pepsi was accused of using contaminated water, given a lab test that was done upon the water flowing into the Pepsi factory that was located nearby an industrial estate. A massive recall was issued for the products from shelves and then the product was tested costing the company many billions of dollars upon the tests as India is a very major market. Environmental: These factors can affect Pepsi, but not immensely alter its trade and profit generation as these factors affect agri-businesses much more directly.

Orem

Strengths Orem’s theory provide a comprehensive base to nursing practice. It is functional in the different fields of nursing. May it be in clinical setting, education, research or administration. Moreover, this theory is as applicable for nursing by the beginning practitioner as much as the advanced clinician(George JB. , 1995). Another major strength of Orem’s theory is it’s advocacy for the use of the Nursing Process (Balabagno, et. al, 2006). Orem specifically identified the steps of this process.She also mentioned that the nursing process involves intellectual and practical phases. Limitations The ambiguity of applying theory to nursing practice may lie in the fact that one theory does not always specifically support all aspects of nursing care. Orem’s self care deficit theory may not encompass all aspects of care and needs of a specific client. For instance, some dilemma with Orem’s theory include having an unclear definition of family, the nu rse-society relationship and public education areas are weak.These issues are essential in the management and treatment plan in caring for patients. Although the family, community and environment are considered in self care action, the focus is primarily on the individual (Balabagno, et. al, 2006). Another limitation is the definition of health as being dynamic and ever changing with states ranging from health or non health, wellness or illness (Fitzpatrick JJ, 2005).This definition of health directly contradicts the experience of some patients with varying needs and levels of care requirements. One of the most obvious limitations of Orem’s theory is that throughout her work, it can be said that a limited recognition of an individual’s emotional needs is present within the theory (George JB. , 1995). It focuses more on physical care and gives lesser emphasis to psychological care. Other theories address this limitation quite adequately such as Jean Watson’s Theo ry of Caring.

Kalahari Desert essays

Kalahari Desert essays Desert- an arid land mass covered with sand and thorny bush which receives less than 10 inches of rainfall per year. A desert, in my opinion, is a harsh environment that is unable to support life. So let us explore a so called desert and compare it to definition. The Kalahari is a desert located in Southern Africa, but is it a desert? It is argued that the Kalahari resembles the Sahel more so than the desert. What is the Sahel? It lies on the outer regions of desert and has more vegetation and grassy hills. In short it is land that is able to support life, mostly through various vegetation and increased rainfall. Through researching the desert it is apparent that the Kalahari is in fact not a desert by definition or by my opinion, and is known to receive up to 40 inches of rainfall per year, defying the definition of a desert. This region is home to several tribes, many species of wildlife, and various vegetation. This contradicts my opinion and the definition. Thus, the Kalahari is a life supporting environment and not an uninhabitable desert. The Kalahari Desert is large arid landmass that covers more than 190,000 square miles of Southern Africa. It spreads from the Orange River to Angola, and from Namibia in the west to Zimbabwe in the east. This desert is spread through several countries including South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. Its landscape includes vast amounts of waterless land, red sand, sand dunes, some trees, shrubs, grasses, low hills and flats. The Kalahari has only one river as a source of water to support the life around it. This huge sand mass was created by erosion of the soft stone formations of the past . So at one point in time it can be said that the Kalahari was not a desert. Through these years of erosion it became a desert. Now, through the adaptation of vegetation (10-20,000 years ago) it has become more like a Sahel. This has allowed the Kalahari to be inhabited by various forms of li...