Reduce External Costs, Improve Products and People's Lives Assignment

Reduce External Costs, Improve Products and Peoples Lives - Assignment ExampleAircon used to consume huge electricity but was minimize by inverter technology. The technology after part be used in electric ambit to minimize its energy consumption.b. Standardized induction technology induction cookers are now being introduced in the market where electromagnet to heat iron or steel cookware (Severson). It is still however a minute expensive but when demand increases, the product can be produced in scale driving the woo down both in terms of unit salute and energy consumption.c. Prolong product lifecycle merely put, product lifecycle is the lifespan of the product. Product cost can be defrayed when the product cycle is prolonged because its cost is spread over the years of its use.When these three proposals are introduced into an electric stove, the energy consumption will be significantly lowered and the product will also last longer making a lesser ecological footprint. The pr oduct cost may be increase a little but this can be easily defrayed by its lower energy cost.Severson, Kim. Is Induction Cooking Ready to Go Mainstream?.The new-fashioned York Times. The New York Times, 6 Apr. 2010. Web. 2 Oct. 2014.

Scale and Geologic Time Lab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Scale and Geologic Time Lab - Assignment ExampleThis beat to count to one hundred is your human era racing shell. The sequence elapsed while you counted to one hundred was belike somewhere between 30 and 60seconds. This is a magazinescale that you can relate to, especially considered you just experienced it You atomic number 18 familiar with this amount of time and you are comfortable with discussing events (like counting) that can occur over a power point of 30 to 60 seconds.Now you are going to start converting the human scale to the geologic scale. For the purposes of this exercise, you are going to consider each 100 years along the timeline provided above as equivalent to the time it takes you to count to 100. So, counting to 100 equals the passage of 100 years. Lets convert our dates before present to counting times (fill in the blanks)This human scale is the amount of time you would have to count to reach the founding of the joined States at your new scale. Now, perform these conversions for each of the other events on the timeline (fill in all the blanks)Remember, the human scale represents the number of seconds you would have to be counting to arrive at a given event. Most citizenry consider the founding of the United States or the founding of Rome to have occurred a long time ago. How do these dates compare with the time between now and the first appearance of valet de chambre?Comparing these dates with the time when the first human occurred on the earth surface, there is a large difference since the first humans occurred approximately 100,000 years to present while United States and Rome were create approximately 250 and 2750 years to present.The Welsh explosion is estimated to have occurred approximately 540 million years to present while the earth is approximated to have been formed approximately 4,600,000,000 years to present. The difference in the length of time is quite large.Place humans deep down the perspective of Earths history? H ow does human history

Reservior Dogs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reservior Dogs - Essay ExampleThey ar completely optimistic that the robbery will be successful. They are thus taken by a surprise when law enforcers emerge at the exact place and time they are executing the deal. In the course of the ensuing confrontation with the police, one of their own is killed with a few police officers and civilians escape with gasoline wounds. When the surviving gangsters meet at the designated meet point after the ordeal they begin to infer that one of them is working as an undercover cop. Joe Cabot a crime planner contracts five thugs to rob a baseball field hoard. Although the criminals are almost certain that the plan will succeed, the police botched the robbery. As the criminals regroup in the warehouse to discuss the unsuccessful robbery, they ponder the possibility of a set-up. The story is expressed in progress to of a flashback while Tarantino maintaining an element of suspense by not revealing the actual diamond store (Berardinelli, Reservoir Dogs). Plot construction and background Tarantino has used a complex biz construction which is truly effective in the development of the story line. He has taken out the warehouse settings claustrophobia and has instead offered a sparkling background on the robbery plot, the undercover police officers activities and the thugs aggressive relationships. ... Sally Menke is very effective at cutting and helps maintain the entire scenes firm and the time-jumping plot conclusive. The time jumping plot of the film ensures that the film is short but interesting. Some of the details especially the actual robbery in the diamond store is kept off-camera. This helps in creating a kind of riddle in the plot construction. Although the flick is exceptionally violent from the first scene to the last, Tarantino has maintained the confrontation among the thugs and the cops off camera (Berardinelli, Reservoir Dogs). Since the botched robbery is the major part on which the film is created, going away the details unrevealed is a unique way of creating suspense. The director describes the confrontation and the ensuing results through a dialogue between different actors in the cast. The entire movie is shot after the botched robbery and the discussions and mysteries facing the thugs make the film very captivating. This is thus not a normal crime movie because the crucial part of the confrontation between the thugs and the cops is not shown to the audience. This makes the movie pure and natural hence reservation it appear as a reality (Berardinelli, Reservoir Dogs). Film position Tarantino managed to minimize the discover covered while making the movie by ensuring that the casting took long in one location. This enabled him to save a lot on the limited resources that were available to make the film. Productions that are length usually spend a lot of money and can be very costly. In Tarantinos case, time and resources are salvage by limiting the movements in shooting and ensur ing that no time is lost while moving from

Criticisms of Womens Roles in 1930s Film Research Paper - 5

Criticisms of Wo handss Roles in mid-thirties Film - Research story ExampleIn addition, irrespective of specific female stars legendary statues, gender roles have been firmly reinforce by role these women have played (Dawson, 1995, p. 71). This research paper provides a detailed analysis of how Hollywood portrayed women in film focusing particularly ob the 1930s using Gold diggers of 1933 as a framework. To fully cover the topic, four themes will be discusses the representation of women in early 1930s film, the portrayal of women, the real-life role of women, and the criticism womens role in these films (Kolbjornsen, 1998, p. 1). The 1930s remains a storied era of depression. As such therefore, it provides an interesting backdrop to research thoroughly how women are portrayed as a result of the changed morals and cynicism globally. In one of his publications, Kaplan (19943) states that Hollywood cinematography in many instances objectified women for mens pleasure. Another author, Mulvey (1989, p. 56), depicts that that the role women play is worth looking but not worth listening. This proves the public debate that has existed among scholars in respect to women role in Hollywood films. During this era therefore, men viewed women in diverse dimensions, referred to as Madonna (housewives)/whore complex. To many, therefore, women were objects of sexual fulfillments, and hence sexually active whores, or simply pristine and nerveless Madonnas. Arguably, it is for this reason that Gates (2011, 23) states that the manner in which women images are presented in Hollywood film solely aims at gratifying male viewers. As evident in Gold diggers of 1933, argument that women are sex objects in films is a full display. Ginger Rogers, Joan Blondell and Ruby Keeler play the major roles of women. In their role, they appear as stereotyped bombshells, slender and beautiful, and in many of their appearances dressed in skimpy costumes.

Globalization of a Domestic Company Research Paper

Globalization of a Domestic partnership - Research Paper ExampleAs the paper declares investing in a disposed(p) nation depart is affected by a diversity of factors. In this regard, it is crucial for the management of Sterling special(a) Company to have an in-depth analysis of these factors. By attention to the most significant factors, this section will focal point on the distance of the designated country, the cultural background of the residents, the overall knowledge of the country in question, the language sort as well as the relatives of the chosen expatriates in the new country.As the research stresses the distance mingled with the mother country, the United States, and the designated state for the expansion will be very crucial in the decision-making process. As a core factor of consideration, the aspect of distance will dictate the efficiency of the operations as well as the financial implications of the expansion process. Clearly, the greater the distance between th e two countries, the harder the management and the to a greater extent the operational costs. It is, however, imperative to note that this does not mean that the expansion of the operations of a given company will be limited to countries within the same geographical regions. Impediments facing the expansion of a given company across borders van be internalized through the adoption of a variety of dynamics. The organization will have to invest heavily in telecommunication and communication in a bid to stop a smoother flow of resources from the headquarters to the satellite branches in other countries.

Personal financial planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Personal financial planning - Essay warningMany countries use the Bismarck System that mixs insurance with private health care providers. Most Americans remuneration for and received medical services in a manner that resembles the Bismarck System, although many insurance providers in other countries are not operated for profit and cannot discriminate against persons for pre-existing medical conditions. The Medicare System of healthcare, like the dodge in Canada, combines private healthcare providers with government payer insurance. While some American healthcare programs combine private providers with a single government payer, these programs are funded through taxes rather than insurance premiums. A a couple of(prenominal) countries have adopted the Beveridge System of healthcare in which the government is both the provider and payer of healthcare. healthcare for American military veterans utilizes the Beveridge System. Unlike the healthcare systems in other countries, the Ame rican healthcare system combines elements of distinguishable systems. It has yet to be determined how long this mixed system will remain viable. Works Cited Kaiser Commission. Medicaid and the Uninsured. 2010.

Question answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Question answer - Essay ExampleNotably, finance minister of enjoin X was give way at the signing of the pledge between the two parties and after signing the document, the finance minister added the lyric approved and ratified and the minister also placed his own signature. Later on, a dispute emotional where OIC initiated a settlement proceeding in accordance with the procedures set out in the joint opine contract specifying both IPF and State X. However, State X argued that settlement tribunal has no jurisdiction everyplace it. The study case issue is that whether State X sewer be forgive from participating in the suit or non. With regard to the case, it can be state that State X cannot be excused from participating in the suit. As the common law of contract in Australia affirms that any third company benefitting from the contractual understanding is liable to sue the other major party under the contractual agreement and vice versa. Nonetheless, privity of contract stat es that only the major parties entering into the contractual agreement has the right to sue distributively other if any dispute arises. Simultaneously, the doctrine of privity of contract denies any obligations or liabilities to third party1. However, the doctrine of privity states that the major party has the right to sue the third party benefiting from the contract. ... over the performance of IPF, it cannot be denied that any do performed by IPC is governed by and taken with the active participation of State X2. Thus, the action of IPC cannot be distinguished from State X. In addition, State X also affirmed the contract by providing its approval and rectification as well as the finance minister of State X placed his signature to the contractual agreement which provided an evidence of State Xs involvement to the contractual agreement entered between OIC and IPF. At the very(prenominal) time, it can be argued that finance minister of State X was endorsing the contract but he was not making government as a party to the contract entered. Despite this aspect, it can be stated that State X should not be excused from participating in the suit. Additionally, the arbitration tribunal has touch on power to involve State X in the suit. QUESTION 2 Considering the case of the Republic of genus Argentina et al v. Weltover Inc. et al., The join States used the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1996 to bring suit against Argentina for a default on bond repayment. According to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1996, statutory method can be ascertained from the United States courts to acquire jurisdiction over non-US sovereign. It offers that any person in the United States can seek for jurisdiction for disputes resulting from business transactions to non-US sovereign. It immunises non-U.S. states from jurisdiction of US court unless any stupendous scenario applies. Accordingly, Supreme Court of the USA has characterised commercial activity as the most important excep tion. This exception provides the verdict regarding which party can apply for lawsuit against the non-US sovereign in the US court. As part of a plan to stabilise petitioner, the Republic of

Read the directions, answer the 3 question Assignment

Read the directions, answer the 3 promontory - Assign ment ExampleOral score has exhibited massive changes since it is passed by the word of mouth from one extension to another, hence may be a subject to bias.Historians do evaluate the validity and reliability of from each one source through content analysis. They must query the existence of the facts with relation to certain historical event. To constitute the validity and reliability of the event, the historiographers have to make a clear comparison of two separate accounts of a similar event. The two accounts must show some relationship. Historians may also be at the confines of classifying the history with close reference to aspects of religion, culture or agriculture. Such classification does allow any historian to follow up closely on the relationship between any two frameworks, hence besides illuminating the historical patterns (Breisach, pg. 67).Henry Kissinger does define history as the past memory of different count ries. In his book A World Restored, he makes clear explanation of the concept of history. He explains the history of europium in 19th century, making clear views of Austria and England but showing clear ignorance of the people who suffer from the policies of the country. Kissinger notes that history is not a result of the determination of a man. He emphasizes on the fallibility of man rather than his strengths. He puts it that history is an act of an unsuccessful attempt after several trials to bring order in a confused area. Primarily, he stresses on the point that history is simply a repeated failure of men to bring to a control the events at stake and achieve stability. He demonstrates a very discouraged perception about history, laying emphasis on conflicts that do arise without any avoidance mechanisms. He responds to his claims by quoting that the peace that was in existence in Europe prior to French Revolution had been kept up(p) by several men. He also adds that the lower class workers in Asia, Africa, and England did experience intense violence, hunger

Organic solar cells Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

perfect solar electric cells - Literature review ExampleThe development of the photovoltaic cell is important for the future alternative naught production in the global community (Mihailetchi, 2005 Williams, 2010).Due to the magnificence of harvesting solar energy, the continuous development of solar cells is one of the most important developments in the innovation of solar energy. Dendrimer is a signifi displacet technology in light-harvesting due to the efficiency (Andrews et al., 2009).Organic solar cells argon photovoltaic cells with organic make-up used due to different advantages for the light absorption process and head of energy. Initially, the photovoltaic cells are made with crystal silicon photovoltaic are used. Due to the fixed bandgap energy and high cost of production, new materials for solar cells had been developed. The organic solar cells are referred to as second contemporaries photovoltaics which had different advantages such as lower manufacturing costs and higher power conversion efficiency (Williams, 2010, p.2).Organic solar cells are solar cell consisting of organic materials. A solar cell is a collected of one or more light-absorbing layers between two electrodes. One of the layers is for passage of light. The active layer can release free carriers upon the absorption of light which then gather at the electrodes. In the organic solar cells, the main difference is the material for the active layers. It is composed of thin films of organic semiconductors formed through solution-based polymeric materials or through thermal evaporation for small-molecule materials (William, 2010, p.3).Photovoltaic behaviour of organic solar cells is the main tooshie of the function and the advantage of the said type of thin film solar cells. Organic semiconductors, such as lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), use plastic or glass substrates with

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial Essay

The buying thorn of constituents by companies is a dangerous financial strategy as it increases the federations gearing ratio - Essay ExampleBesides increasing the gearing ratio of the caller-out it impacts eventful ratios. The impact of leveraged buyback of shares on Vodafone Plc has been explained with the care of qualitative and numerical analysis. The EPS graph of the company has been shown for a fin year bound to highlight the rise in the earnings per share due to a root repurchase program. The deterioration in the important financial ratios like interest coverage, return etc has also been shown with the help of suitable graphs. Introduction An announcement of a share repurchase by a company is treasured highly by the food grocery participants interpreting it as a buy signal for its stock. So the company has good concludes to buy-back its stocks precisely sometimes these share buyback programs go awry. Despite the popularity of such programs as seeming(a) from th e recent buyback deals there are concerns whether the firm or the shareholders derive any gains from it. One reason favouring the buyback deal is that at any point of time the surplus cash lying with the oversight can be used for buyback of shares thereby returning the funds to the shareholders. It has been seen that idle cash makes the managers content so buying back of shares can be one way of instilling confidence among the investors. From the view-point of the company stock buyback results in increased Earnings per share (EPS), share price and increases the value of executive director stock options (Ogilvie, 2006, p.51). However, the share buyback strategy can be dangerous if the company finances the buyback of equities using borrowed funds. Financing buyback using loan stock may look tempting in the short term but some years down the line the company has to pay back the loan. In the event of an economic recession the company will have to struggle with fund shortage. A rise i n the share price, increase in company EPS are all good signs but not at the cost of endangering the position of the company in the future. The board of directors must keep the interests of the shareholders in mind while considering share buyback programs. Evidence behind share repurchases A significant explore has been conducted especially in the area of share repurchases. The evidences from this research indicate that there is a strong market response on the announcement of share repurchase program. In the studies conducted by Asquith & Mullins (1983) and Damn et al (1981) it has been shown that the market responds positively to stock repurchase announcements, be it in the form of an open market repurchase or a self tender offer. There have been abnormal returns in the case of share repurchase offers. A study on long term market returns, by C.J. Loomis analysed the repurchase offers during the period 1974 to 1983. His studies revealed that the shareholders of the companies that undertook stock repurchase programs earned a compounded yearly return of 22.6% with the S&P five hundred reporting a return of 14.1% during the same period. Though the above evidences support a positive response to the share repurchase offers some papers some papers have highlighted the negativity associated with such programs. As per the papers against share repurchase, the stock repurchase decisions by the company manifest signs of poor financial and in operation(p) performance, in fact it signals that the

Organizational Change Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Organizational Change Plan - Essay ExampleThe placement to be discussed in this case is no exception the desired change should first be determined within the greater context of the companys overall goal, in order to determine how best(p) to take the company from its present to its desired status.The present lieuRanchers Bank (RB) is a $3 one million million million monetary services firm that exclusively deals in ext quiting contributes to farmer and ranchers for agricultural purposes. It operates solely in Texas and employs 1,000 loan officers in 254 offices located in each county. RB is a traditional bank which waits for clients to walk into its topical anesthetic offices to apply for loans. For several years, the agricultural sector has experienced zero growth, and the companys profitability has suffered as the rate of new business generated is only half of the rate of payoff. There is a strong gap that if RB continues doing business the same way it has done so for the pa st 30 years, it shall eventually end up in bankruptcy.The strategic goal/sRBs principal goal is to stopover viable and avoid bankruptcy since bankruptcy is inevitable if the bank maintained status quo. RB therefrom needed to change from the status quo merely to survive. This leads to the secondary goal that of growth. ... keeping the main strategic considerations in mind, the resulting plan should be appropriately contextualized to maximize effectiveness and assure practicability. Analyzing the broad economic environment policy-making The banking industry has been at the center of the recent financial crisis, and while the culprits argon principally the major financial conglomerates, the entire industry has been subjected to closer scrutiny both by the political leaders and the public. The need for greater oversight has resulted in legislated regulations which shall be tackled in the discussion on legal issues below. Other than these, emphasis on ethical practices has given rise to industry-wide corporate governance standards consistent with the Basel Committee principles for the international banking community (BCBS, 2010). For bantam banks to survive, they must likewise comply with the corporate governance benchmarks in their relations with their stakeholders. Economic The economic situation is still tenable, purportedly on the road to recovery from the 2008 depression. Many markets impacting on loans creation continue to be depressed both on the demand side (e.g. real estate out-of-pocket to the mortgage foreclosures resulting in the housing glut), as well as supply side (e.g., labor market due to the change magnitude unemployment). The dollar continues to slide such that increasingly savings and transactions in the international market are converting to foreign currencies (e.g. the yuan, which is increasingly being used in international trade and securities floats). The looming budget deficit due not in small part to the trillion dollars in bailout may be exacerbated by keep reports in the bankruptcy of companies benefitted by these loans. Much will depend upon the economic policies of the

Managerial Decision in Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managerial Decision in Supply Chain - Essay ExampleSupply orbit is a detect feature to victory or a failure of todays business. This is because getting the correct products to consumers is not only the key player to militant mastery, but also the solution to survival. According to Industrial Marketing Management Journal, managerial conclusivenesss to prevent failure in the movement of goods and services are very crucial (Handfield, & Bechtel, 2002367). The decisions should target to act to the market requirements with overall efficiency. This issue falls on the management. The management should design sound strategies to respond fleetly to the consumers demands. Moreover, the strategies should take care of the ever-changing markets. This is the only way to maintain and bring a competitive advantage to the market. For cede filament to remain efficient, it should concentrate on reduction of cost. In addition, the bring chain should avoid wastage of resources of non-value adde d activities. The managerial decisions should focus to resolve trade-off between responsive and efficiency (Handfield, & Bechtel, 2002369). This paper examines the managerial decisions that increase responsiveness of the supply chains. ... To achieve this, it calls for the management to make sound decisions to respond well to the customer demands or changes in market. This is because each customer has specific set of needs. Some markets require high direct of receptiveness and others concentrate on effectiveness. The general effect of making prudent decisions regarding to each driver establishes the affectivity with which the supply chain serves its market for maximum kale for the participants in the supply chain (Minnich, & Maier, 20083). The common tenet from literatures holds that for success of supply chain managers should be aware of changes in the competitive market environment. The managers should then re-organise the supply chain to satisfy the genuine needs of the consum ers. This swift response determines the adaptation of firms and supply chain to the needs of the ever-changing markets to achieve lasting competitive success. This means that policy designing, and changes are crucial to respond well to the supply chain in the five areas of the company. These are production, transportation, information, inventory, and location. The managers decisions on the strategies they should focus on the situation at hand. The decision should endeavour to achieve the lower costs of goods and services. This is an issue, which many supply managers grapple with. It therefore means that the managers should take aim between two strategies philosophies. The management can either demonstrate a high reaction to consumers at any cost. The other way is to reduce waste in order to achieve maximum profits (Minnich & Maier, 20083). The managerial decisions should concentrate on devising sound processes and key performance pointers that rewards

Israeli-palestinian conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Israeli-palestinian conflict - Essay ExampleIn this context, authors the like Thompson contend that some form of improver hinderance could be an alternate solution to this impasse (138). This paper describes some of the factors that subscribe prevented such an incumbrance and also discusses whether such a solution is viable in the modern context. Obstacles to Humanitarian hitch bring the recent military operation by the Israeli Defense forces in 2009. The military claimed that it was pursuing Palestinian militants hiding in the Gaza Strip, whom it accused of firing rockets into Israeli towns and cities. The resulting campaign led to the deaths of over 1000 residents, mevery of whom were children (Brown 82). Israel had also enforced a blockade on the Gaza Strip, forcing over 100,000 residents to flee. While such military campaigns rich person been extremely violent, Israel claims that it is acting in self-defense. The Israeli government has also demolished several government b uildings, schools and mosques in the region as it alleges that these are being used to store missiles and serve as hideouts for militants. For over 3 months, residents had no access to food or water as they could not venture out and had no supplies due to the blockade. Gallagher notes that Israel has breached international humanitarian conventions by not providing help to the starving and wounded (72). The Human Rights square up has made far serious allegations of humanitarian violations by claiming that the Israeli military used phosphorus-based munitions during street combat. The unify Nations has maintained that Israel has consistently violated UN norms on human rights and the Geneva Convention. Murphy has compared the treatment meted out to Palestinians with the atrocities approach by Jews under the Nazis during World War II (95). Despite allegations from several quarters, little has changed in the rapacious posture of Israel. Brown argues that contempt requiring help and p rotection against ethnic cleansing and war crimes from the international community, Palestinians have had to fend for themselves (78). Unlike the role played by the United States and its allies during the Gulf War or the Yugoslavian War, international politics have prevented any such intervention in the Gaza Strip. According to Mertus, succession regions like Myanmar, Darfur or Zimbabwe enjoyed quick worldwide attention due to genocide and famine, Palestinian regions like the wolfram Bank and the Gaza Strip are yet to witness any notable forms of humanitarian intervention despite facing similar problems for several decades (153). Arend notes that any demand for humanitarian intervention in ravaged places like Darfur and Zimbabwe should first be aware of previous interventions in places like Iraq and Yugoslavia (65). In the case of Iraq, humanitarian intervention has worsened the volatile situation, giving rise to an insurgency and a corrupt government system. It appears in closel y of these cases that the intervening parties have manipulated the post-conflict environment in their favor without any consideration for the welfare of the domestic populations. Hanlon says that Israel has unceasingly opposed any intervention in its internal issues (186). He further alleges that Israel does not allow any third party to decide over the question of a separate statehood for Israel. Need for Humanitarian Intervention On the question of whether humanitarian intervention is justified in the Israeli-Palestinian scenario, one needs to

Coerced Plea Bargian Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coerced apology Bargian - Research Paper ExampleThe protection of the fundamental human make up is regarded very useful because it non-discriminatory and puts all people equal before the law. It is like saying that if the president of the land deserves to live, the laborer at the presidential palace also deserves the same amount of right to live. Born push through of the protection of the fundamental human rights of all people is the invocation dicker that is basically concerned with magnanimous a guilty person some room to plead for mercy. But in what ways take in this right being abused? The essence of this essay is review coerced plea stack and take a stand on it. What is Plea Bargain? According to the Encyclopedia of Everyday Law (2009), plea bargain usually involves the defendants pleading guilty to a lesser offense or to only one or some of the counts of a multi-count indictment in return for a brightness sentence than that possible for the graver shoot down. Alschu ler gives a similar definition or the term as he states that plea bargain is a situation where by prosecutors and trail judges offer defendants concessions in exchange for their plea. The basic predilection therefore lies in the fact that in plea bargains, defendants admit their charges without or with very minimal haul from the jury and in exchange of their frankness, receive lesser or lighter sentences. ... s a voluntary waiver and a factual basis to support the charges to which the defendant is pleading guilty. If plea bargains amount under these components, we say the plea bargain is valid. Forms of Negotiating Plea Bargain For a plea bargain to be possible, there are certain legal negotiations that must go on. Koduah (2001) mentions some of these negotiations as Charge Bargaining, decry Bargaining and Fact Bargaining. Explaining further, the Encyclopedia of Everyday Law (2009) states that in charge talk terms, in return for a plea of guilty to a lesser charge, a prosecutor will dismiss the higher or other charge(s) or counts. This means that the defendant gets a reward of a squashed higher charge because of admitting guilt for a smaller offense. Further on, the encyclopedia writes that with sentence bargaining, there is an harmony to a plea of guilty (for the stated charge rather than a reduced charge) in return for a lighter sentence. In this case therefore, trial goes on for the prosecution whiles the defendant hopes for a lighter sentence. Finally, fact bargaining involves an admission to certain facts stipulating to the truth and existence of provable facts, thereby eliminating the need for the prosecutor to have to get up them. As in the case of all plea bargain, the defendant is given something in return, which is that there is an agreement not to introduce certain other facts into EVIDENCE (Encyclopedia of Everyday Law, 2009). Under what condition does a Plea Bargain become Coerced? Risinger (2007) explains that under any circumstance where plea bargain is forced on a defendant constitutes coerced plea bargain. In some cases also, attorneys of defendants do not force their defendants into negotiating for plea bargain moreover

Can Glee be called a musical in the classical sense Dissertation

Can Glee be called a medicineal in the classical mavin - Dissertation ExampleThis Can Glee be called a musical in the classical reason? dissertation describes particular features of the musical and analyze Glee to answer the question if we can count it as classical musical or no. The musical began as early as the 1600s, usually which was referred to as a muniment like opera. The main grammatical constituent was to cook a crown of thorns model of the per turnances amid acting and music. The narrative would depict the main ideals that were being told in the story, while the musical numbers were subject to pause to reflect on the emotions and responses from the characters according to what was occurring within the plot. The musical numbers are able to outlet the viewer outside of the reality of what is occurring and break into the songs to show the other perspectives of what is occurring within the film. This is make uped with narrative, performance and the dance gestures whi ch follow each of the musical components as well as the overall structure of the musical. By adding in the hybrid expressions for the musical, thither was the ability to have more creative expressions and freedom that allowed the viewer to see to it the context of the narrative diametricly, either for entertainment or to deepen the meaning of the main film. The different concepts of the musical move beyond the inter inter stirs of form and medium and into ways in which the musical is able to create a significant change to the overall feel of the performance. In both theater and film musicals, there is the use of music to change the context of the performance. ... he musical, there was the ability to have more creative expressions and freedom that allowed the viewer to understand the context of the narrative differently, either for entertainment or to deepen the meaning of the main film (Cohan, pg. 59). The different concepts of the musical move beyond the interchanges of form and medium and into ways in which the musical is able to create a significant change to the overall feel of the performance. In both theater and film musicals, there is the use of music to change the context of the performance and viewpoint of those that are watching the drama. The first component to this is the idea of repetition. The songs that are used in musicals comprise of three verses and choruses that are repeated in between the verses. When this goes outside of the traditional formula, then there is a noticed line which is repeated, known as the hook. The music then changes the context and meaning, specifically because the repetition is able to drive a theme forward which couldnt be heard or displayed in a regular narrative. The effect of repetition, combined with the several hybrid expressions intertwined with this, such as the gestures and dance, are then able to emphasize parts of the musical and create a different effect when speaking to the audience about the most importan t factors noted in a specific point of the musical (Kramer, pg. 180). The underlying component that is used with the musical then leads to the conventions of the musicals, specifically which becomes a synthesis of music / dialogue / dance and emotion combined with narrative. Instead of creating a linear form that is often expressed in other types of music, there is a focus on the hybrid comment of interchanging works, some which are used for emphasis, and others which

The British Raj and the India’s Caste System Essay Example for Free

The British Raj and the Indias Caste System EssayThe Indian company transcription, cognize as Varnas, is a centuries old clay of social stratification. It is a strict affiliate-conscious system that determines a persons occupation for them. It also determines what they nonify wear, who they put forward talk to, who they can marry. Those on the top of the pyramid comport all the wealth, power, and prestige, while those on the bottom atomic compute 18 inured no better than the trash that is thrown away. It consists of four Varnas Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. There is also a class outside the Varnas historically called the untouch ables. The clique system is an ancient ethnic tradition that is so rich-rooted in the India cultural, and backed by historical and spectral text.After the conquering Aryans launch themselves as the ruling class, they adapted a rank system that would keep the Aryans in prepares that would channel them wealth and prest ige, and keep those they conquered subordinate to them. To strengthen their power, the Aryans were able to enforce their strict social rules through sacred texts and the Hindu perfects of Varnas and Karma. It has been exploited and altered throughout the centuries by invaders, conquerors, and colonizers to prevent unification for their own benefit. Some neatthorn argue that the British created the modern club system to benefit themselves, how ever, If anything, the British tried to alter a system they saw as un erect to give all Indians equal rights and equal opport symmetry.The modern caste system has its roots in the Islamic-Hindu era. Outside the ancient Hindu texts, The Bhagavad Gita, translated by Eknath Easwaran, I use chiefly secondary sources to prove my thesis, that the modern caste system has its roots in the Islamic-Hindu era. I think taradiddle speaks for itself it the numerous studies d iodine by scholars much(prenominal) as the Wisers who studied the caste sy stem in tribes virtually untouched by the British and Brian smith who studied how the ancient Aryan texts support the ideal caste system. It existed long before the East Indian guild landed on the shores of India, and I am proving that Nicholas Dirks argu workforcet that the caste system is the core of modern colonialism as invalid. Culturally, India has been very diverse India glossiness varies depending on the location you go to in the beautiful and vast country. even out though in that location argon many a(prenominal) disparate ethnic groups in India with their own social and cultural identitiesthey dress antitheticly, speak distinguishable languages, contribute different religions, and eat different foodsdepending on the region they are from, they all have the like temperament. They share the analogous values and super C bond that shows a national cultural identity. The lifeline of that common bond is the Varnas, which evolved into the Indian caste system. Despite what religion Indians follow, their cultural values are highly influence by the great Indian epics The Vedas, the Rawhitethornana, and the Mahabharata. unearthly and spiritual thought has evolved from the Vedas, and rein pressure cultural traditions.Many Indian Christians may still live by Hindu doctrines, such as the teaching of Karma, or practice meditation. These arent necessarily considered religious practices to all, but are cultural practices, or philosophies. The Indian cast system is so deeply embedded into this national cultural identity, and widely accepted as part of the Indian culture, that it is hard for Indians to escape it. As Nicholas Dirks says in his daybook Castes of Mind Colonialism and the Making of impertinent-fangled India Caste defines the core of Indian tradition. Indias rich heritage can be seen in their lit through the great epics the Vedas (3000 BC-1000 BC), the Ramayana (1500 BC) and the Mahabharata (1000 BC).The Vedas werent only religious texts, b ut a prototype that philosophers and religious leading used seek their beliefs or law foundrs used to create a social and political lifestyle, such as the case with the Indian caste system. The Vedas seeks universal truths of cosmic functioning at all levels of existence. association and the identity of whizzself in emphasized throughout its pages. The Puranas were later written to present and explain the truth of the Vedas. nation pulled out what they wanted from it and used it to fit their needs. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are both epics of the wad they are ethnic stories that have been orally transmitted over the centuries and recorded in a collective text.They reflect the ethos and the psyche of the Indian peck. These great epics have shaped Indias values, beliefs, and lifestyles. They are the origins of the social, religious and cultural history of India. The caste system didnt arrive with the British East Indian Company in the 1700s, but between 1500 and 2000 B.C. , when nomads k nowadaysn as the Aryans started to migrate through the Hindu Kush passes and good deal into the Indus Valley. These tall, light shinnyned warrior types promptly subdued the short, dark-skinned indigenous muckles of northwestern India. These people, known as the Dravidians fled to the south for refuge.Taking catch of their new domain, they forced their Divine Knowledgerecorded later in the Vedas (1200-600 B.C.)on their new subjects. The rigging Veda (1300-100 B.C.) was the main religious and socio-economic text. These philosophical and religious texts were said to have originated from the GodsAryan Godsand later texts dated 600 to four hundred B.C. were written by the Divine. Because of the domination of the Aryan people and the popularity of these texts, the period between 1500 B.C. and 500 B.C. is known at the Vedic period of Indian historyand this is where the caste system originated.Long before the Aryans arrived in the Indus Valley, they were already divide d into three different classes the warriors, the priest, and the cultivators with the warriors on top of the social structure, and the priest, or Brahman, second. These light-skinned warriors had no coveted to mix with the dark-skinned Dravidians that they had conquered. To prevent their ethic traits from being polluted by the dasyu, or slaves, they prohibited endogamy between the two distinct ethnic groups thus a fourth class was created to do most(prenominal) of the manual labor. As the Aryans and the topical anaesthetic inhabitants mingled, Hinduism developed.The Hindu caste system would evolve from this ideal that ethnic traits, such as ones skin color determined ones social positionwith lighter skin on the top, and those with darker skin on the bottom, and reinforced by the religious philosophies of the Vedas. Before the Vedic acculturation of the Aryans, archaeological evidence suggests that the Harappan civilization was composed of many kinds of ethnic groups that were d ivided into different classes depending on their wealth. Because of evidence such as a permanent and sophisticated city structure and a uniformity of weights and measures, it is widely believed that this heterogeneous population had a centralized government who was ruled by a group of people, perhaps Brahmin, or priest.However, some people dont believe that there was a centralized government at all since there were no holy temples uncovered, that the evidence just points to a sophisticated trade system. This second group believes that the Aryans werent invaders, but a group that lived amongst the existing Harappan civilization, who became powerful and were able to dominate the early(a)s. According to Robert Heine-GeldernIt, the second isnt likely, because archeological evidence points to a people who were of Western origin perhaps Transcaucasia. If the get-go were true, that would explain how the invasive Aryans eventually adapted caste structure with the Brahmin class on top. Af ter they already established themselves as the ruling class, over centuries, as they mingled with the indigenous peoples, they may have adopted elements of hierarchy of the local faith, with the priests, or Brahmin, on the top of the pyramid.There were four different castes, called varnas, in India Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. The highest caste was the Brahmins. They are the priests and philosophers. primarily ranked number two on the Varna system, but rose significantly above the warrior class to number one. The second ranking castes were the Kshatriyas. They were initially warriors and highest ranking. The third ranking caste were the Vaishyas, they were the workers farmers, artisans, metal workers, and trades peoples. The lowest ranking of the Varnas were the Shudras. They are the peasants, servants, farm hands, and laborers. There were also subdivisions in every caste called jati, which deign along broke down peoples inherited social status and occupational g roup.Historically, the vocation you went into was hereditary and passed down from your father. As the civilization expanded, sometimes one could get away with going into a different line of work, if it was deep down their same caste. The structure of the traditional Indian village economy was reliant on a hereditary caste system. William and Charlotte Wiser called it the jajmani system, where a wealthy Brahman landlord would provide annual sustenance of his harvest for usefulnesss of the different village servants and artisans throughout the year. The heirs to each fussy(prenominal) service member, whether it be the village barber, blacksmith, astrologer, accountant, doctor, or whatever their particular job was, would be expected to take over for their fathers.Women were only allowed to be married off to men in the same caste as they were. By keeping everything hereditary, those in power were guaranteed to stay in power, and their superior genes to remain unpolluted by lower cas te. Within the Jamani system, there was no chance of up(a) mobility each individual had a fixed economic and social status that was essential to village life. When the Aryans first arrived, the warrior class was on the top of the social structure, with the priest, or Brahmin, below them. As the conquering Aryans expanded due east over the next five centuries, they excessivelyk on some characteristics of the native Indians they had conquered, the tribal structure being one of them. Since it is known that priest-kings ruled the pre-Aryan Harappa, Wolpert suggests that the Aryans learned from their conquered subjects to place more value on the counsel of their own Brahmans.This disclosure that the Brahmins had over the warrior class, and subsequently, the Raj who were born(p)(p) Kshatriyas, or warriors, can be found in the Rig Veda hymn, the let go of the cosmic Man. Division of occupational group into castes was applied according to the ancient Aryan-Hindu book, the Rig Veda. A ccording to legend of the Sacrifice of the Cosmic Man, the first super-being, Purush, allowed himself to be destroyed to create a human familiarity out of different parts of his body the Brahmins from his mouth, or thousand heads, the Kshatriyas from his arms, the Vaishyas from his thighs, and the Shudras from his feet. The highest caste was the Brahmins, who were the priest, because the brain holds knowledge.The second highest caste was the Kshatriyas, who were warriors, because the arms jibe strength. The caste below the warrior class was the merchants, known as the Vaishyas. These top three were considered twice born, their second birth making them initiated into the Hindu faith. On the bottom were the Shudras, or the peasants, or serfs, who were on their feet doing the manual labor, and considered too unsportsmanlike to be born again. The Sacrifice of the Cosmic Man describes how the caste system came into existence, not as a human invention, but one created by the gods. Late r, as the Aryans expanded and more primitive people came into the mix, they were considered too polluted to be part of the four-fold Varna system, and would become regarded as untouchables.Out of fear of being polluted by these outsiders, strict rules were enforced to prevent any contact with the high castes to include strict communal procedures. These rules were designed to isolate the untouchables from the rest of Hindu society, but at the same time enforce their need to do all of the unclean work that was too polluting for the rest of the more dignified classes such as butcher of dead animals, or disposing of the dead. The Hindu doctrine of Karma but rationalizes the caste system as duties one is induce to by birth. Karma is the moral law of cause and return. The position on is born into is a reflection of how they were in their previous(prenominal) life if someone is born into a lower class, than it is because of their bad Karma from a previous life.If one abides by the ru les given to them in this life, they will move up in the next life. As Smith puts it, one of the main entailments of the caste system is the belief in Karma and the cycle of rebirth whereby ones social position in this life is ethically determined by moral actions in past lives. This belief in reincarnation prevented people from questioning, or even revolting against, the caste system. The caste system received further religious approval in the Indian epic, The Bhagavad Gita which is part of the Mahabharata. They prove that the caste system isnt just mans law, but divine law. In the Bhagavad Gita, the Hindu god Krishna says the distinction of castes, guna, and karma have come from me. I am their cause (413).When Krishna tells Arjuna that, nocreature, whether born on earth or among the gods in paradise is free from the conditioning of the three gunas. The different responsibilities found in the social order distinguishing Brahmin, Kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra have their roots in this conditioning (1840-41), he is very clear that everyone must follow the caste system. He goes on to explain the gunas, or acceptable qualities, in retrospect to the traits and roles of the four castes. By doing the duties one is born to, and not someone else, he can never come to griefeven if it is imperfect (1842-49).Even though scholars like Dirk may argue that the caste system has its roots in liquidation, ancient Hindu texts dating back to the Vedic age prove that the Indian caste system had its root deep in traditional Indian society long before the East Indian Company began to colonize India. The modern caste system has its roots in the Islamic-Hindu era. infra Munghal rule in the tenth century, many Indians werent encouraged to convert to Islam it wasnt until the 16th and 17th centuries that a survey conversion to Islam appeared. The religious system in India that was the basis for philosophical and ethical ideals that influenced the daily life of the India people did not have a gens prior to the arrival of Islam in India.Even though there were many different religions in the different Indian communities at the time, they all had a common unity in their acceptance of the basic legends, myths, and moral teachings that make the ideals, or world view, on the implication of life. The name that Muslims gave this common religious unity was Hinduism. This disproves Dirks claim that caste, as we know it today, is a modern phenomenon, that is, specifically, the product of a historical encounter of India and Western rulemaking caste a central symbol of Indian society.The Muslims do it the central symbol of Indian society when they named it Hinduism, to establish it separate from their Islamic society. As Muslims started intermingling with Hindus, it further complicated the caste system. Because Muslims rejected the Hindu belief of people born with in comparison, the Bhakti movement sprang up from the fourteenth to 16th centuries long before Dirks claim s that the incline started influencing, and putting a negative stigma, on the caste system. lacking(p) castes would find other forms of religious expression separate from Brahmin priest. Castes broke up, and new jatis formed that would identify each caste based on their belief system.The great Indian epic, the Ramayana, that was popularized during the medieval period, describes how Rama and Krishna were incarnations of professional Vishnu, and would repeatedly come down to earth and mingle with all of Gods people not just the Brahmins. The Bhakti philosophers taught that all individuals, regardless(prenominal) of their status in life, could have an intimate relationship with God. This differed greatly from the Aryans notion that taught inequality in relation to God and only the priest, or Brahmins, could speak with God. Lower castes were even command from reading the Vedas or entering Hindu religious temples.Medieval India also changed the hereditary occupation system. workfor ce were no longer restricted to the position that was determined to them by birth. There was now chance of up mobilization within each jati not the main caste classification. Not just individuals, but Jati groups, were able to improve their status in society. In order to not go against religious teachings, families would have to pull round up enough money to pay poor Brahmin to preform rituals that would elevate the social stand of a particular family. They would then have to change occupations, and practices, appropriate to the social group that they were being empyreal to. Another way to move up socially would be to serve in the armed forces military service wouldnt necessarily allow you to move up to another Caste, but your jati (or social rest within caste) would move up accordingly.Life for Indians was very different under Islamic rule than it was under the Aryans. The arrival of the East Indian Company stirred up the traditional caste system but it didnt by any means cre ate a modern caste system, as Dirks suggests that was already underway with the arrival of Islam. The side of meat tried to, either directly or indirectly, make life better for those that were discriminated against under a centuries old system of legal oppression. Even though the English had a hierarchy, people were able to upward mobilize and all citizens were bound by the same laws. Under the Indian caste system, there was no upward mobilization, people often died in the same caste they were born in.This was disrupted slightly during the arrival of industrialization and mass trade that the East Indian Company brought with it. The centuries old tradition of patriarchal hereditary caste occupation was disturbed by industrialization and imports from other British colonies. People whose occupations had a hand in producing goods that were now being imported or made in factories were now out of jobs. Factory jobs, or other Western type jobs, werent hereditary. They had no choice but to find new jobs, often jobs that werent classified under a particular caste, such as public works or factory type jobs. As English colonization expanded, there was further concern amongst the higher castes about intermingling between castesespecially where public works projects and service in the military was concerned.There was fear amongst the higher castes that physical contact between the pure and contaminated castes was inevitable in such crowded places as train stations, public wells, or closed lodge on ships. There were concerns amongst Hindus about serving in the British military. In the military, the soldiers were of a different caste nowneither so fine, nor so tall as they were before. In the military, the British were the only superior, and all Hindus serving were treated as if they were the same caste, having to work side-by-side with members of different castes. However, after the uprisings of 1857, sepoys who were of higher caste maintained their caste and religion. T he later was extremely important, because any infringement on their religion could result in loss of caste.Those that continued to revolt were penalise by having to clean the blood of the English men, women, and children, who were mas inviolable. They were forced to do this dishonor, which would have resulted in loss of caste under their Hindu faith, before being penalise for their heinous crimes. In this retrospect, the English used the Hindu caste system as vengeance for acts against their white superiority. The British didnt create the caste system, or intend to exploit it. They tried to make their new Indian subjects a functional part of their society, as well as rectify the aspects of the caste system they saw as unjust. Traditional Indian law was loosely based off of parochial and sacred law that was loosely interpreted by different Brahmin there was no uniform justness system.There were also different sets of rules and laws for different castes. A lower caste could be seve rely punished for the same crime that wouldnt be guilty for a higher caste. There is no interrogation that the English exploit the caste system for personal gain, but they also made great strides in individual equality before the law. Under British Law, all individuals were equal before the laws therefore if a higher caste and lower caste member committed the same crime, they were both subject to the same punishments and discrimination against lower caste was now against the law. As the Rudolphs say in there book The youthfulity of Tradition policy-making Development in India, the transformed state has helped, Indias peasant society make a success of representative democracy and fostered the growth of equality by making Indians less separate and more alike.In that retrospect, England colonization may have had a more positive effect on an already oppressive system. The spread of Christianity was promising for those born of lower caste. They were offered an education that was form ally punishable to lower caste members. Many of the lower caste and untouchables converted to Christianity to escape their given statuses. Those that converted were freed of their previous identity, and were no longer considered part of a particular caste although their social status often stayed the same. This may not have alleviated their problems, but it was a step in the right direction. Those that converted to Christianity could now get an education, or apprenticing under a Christian missionary.They could now aspire to do something different than what they were born to do. There was now the hope of a better life, that hadnt existed before under Hinduism. Today people have mistaken Varnas for caste and treat them as identical. Varnas are God created and caste is not. Varnas are teach with ones actions and desires based on Gunas. The caste is manmade. It is simply a social institution and can easily be changed and modified according to changing needs of society. Caste-by-birth w as never the original intent nor it ever was the basis upon which the Varnas were constituted, Sutra says that a person should be engaged only in a field of activeness that he is capable of doing.In 1891, the British established the Census of India as an attempt to better represent the caste system in relation to occupation, religion, and status. In 1935, the British in India finally came up with a list of four-hundred tribal groups and untouchables. Under British reform, they would be put on a list as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and would receive special privileges in order to overcome deprivation and discrimination. In that retrospect, the British government started affirmative action in India for those that had been oppressed under the centuries old Indian Caste System. The English threatened the Hindu way of life that had existed over centuries and was reinforced by Hindu scripture.When Muslims started mingling with the Hindus, the caste system was altered, but the basic beliefs of karma and existence remained a unifying factor. When the East Indian Company started colonizing India, they didnt just stir things up, but threatened the religious aspect of the Indian caste system that unploughed those on the bottom subservient to the top castes. Without intending to, the English got the nationalist movement going although it would go in two different directions depending on what side of the fence one was on. Mahatma Gandhi was an influential leader in the flag-waving(a) Movement during British rule he believed that he could change untouchability in the Hindu religion, and started calling them Harijans, meaning Gods children.When reform within the Hindu religion started to look bleak, Dalit leaders started to advocate for a separate electorate for the Dalits. On the other end of the spectrum from Gandhi was Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, who rose up from a community of untouchables and fought for political equality for Delits. Both continued their c ampaigns after Indian independence. But after independence, neither would be successful without the British to advocate for them.The British brought with them industrialization, urbanization, literacy, social mobilization, and political democracy. However, it is the Indian caste system today that is preventing India from progressing as a modern nation. Although people are now crossing vague occupational lines due to technology, India still has a long way to go to break the deep-rooted deep root belief that the Hindu religious texts, the Varnas, justify caste inequality as birth right. But thanks to the British, they got a kick in the right direction.Works CitedArmstrong, Karen. The Great Transformation The Beginning of our Religious Traditions. new York Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Print. Easwaran, Eknath. TheBhagavad Gita. Canada Nilgiri Press, 2007. Print. Dirks, Nicholas. Castes of Mind Colonialism and the Making of Modern India. Princeton University Press, 2001. eBook. Judd, Denis. T he king of beasts and the Tiger The Rise and Fall of the British Raj. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. Heine-Geldern, Robert. The Coming of the Aryans and the End of the Harappa Civilization. Man Vol. 56, No. 151 (Oct, 1956) 136-139. 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Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1984. eBook. Sekhon, Joti. Modern India. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000. Print. Smith, Brian K. Classifying the Universe the antiquated Indian Varna System and the Origins of Caste. New York Oxford Press, 1994. Print. 1 . Lifestyles, Values, and Beliefs (India, National Portal of India) http//india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=69, accessed 10 November, 2012 Ethnicity of India (India, National Portal of India) http//india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=70, accessed 10 November 2012 Ancient History (India, National Portal of India) http//india.gov.in/knowindia/culture_heritage.php?id=2, accessed 10 November 2012). 2 . Indian Literature through the Ages (India, Ministry of Culture, gi ving medication of India) http//ccrtindia.gov.in/literaryarts.htm, accessed 11 November 2012. 3 . Steven Warshaw, India Emerges A ConciseHistory of India from its Origin to the Present (Berkley Diablo Press, 1989), 16-17. 4 . 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Eknath Easwaran, The Bhagavad Gita (Canada Nilgiri Press, 2007), 117 261-262. 15 . Dirks, 5. 16 . James W. Hoover, History of the World India in the Islamic Era and Southeast Asia (Austin Steck-Vaughn Co., 1997), 20-22. 17 . Hoover, 22-23. 18 . Denis Judd, The Lion and the Tiger The Rise and Fall of the British Raj (Oxford Oxford University Press, 2004), 67-68. 19 . Judd, 74. 20 . Judd, 73-83. 21 . Lloyd I. and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, The Modernity of Tradition Political Development in India (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1984), 12. 22 . Judd, 63-64. 23 . Dr. R.K. Lahiri, Caste System in Hinduism Boloji.com (November 2005) http//www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Contentsd=ArticlesArticleID=1211, accessed, November 15, 2012. 24 . Joti Sekhon, Modern Ind ia (Boston McGraw-Hill, 2000), 48. 25 . Untouchables thought the name Harijan, that